Critically evaluate the role played by Victim Support in assisting Essay

Critically evaluate the role played by Victim Support in assisting victims of law-breaking and advocating for reforms on their behalf. And Critically evaluate the cont - Essay Exampleformer(a) wise they loose the confidence in organized world and faith in other tender-hearted beings which is dangerous to the society. Hence it calls for immediate measures for villainy management and victim support services (Van Dijk, 1996). However, the successful wickedness management requires thorough study of nature of offence and causes of the same and nature of victimization (Joutsen, 1997). Hence this necessitates the reforms in the criminal law provisions and judiciary and also establishment of victim support organizations for providing services and assistant to genuine victims of crime (Groenhuijsen, 1998). This is made possible by victim support services, European court of military man Rights and the Council of Europe.Victim support1 is a service available to citizens of England for he lping themselves in minimizing the effects of crime. There has been a funny increase in incidents of crime in different forms in the European society. It is indeed difficult to make these crime related problems for any person at his individual level with out any orthogonal support. Hence there is a strong necessity of some supporting charity or organization that aids the people subjected to crime. Its main objective is to reduce the negative effects of thecrime and to manage the crime related after effects in most efficient manner. The role of Victim Support is highly appreciable in this direction. Moreover, Victim Support also promotes and advances the rights of victims and witnesses.Victim support also maintains the confidentiality and privacy of the victims of crime and hence it is liked by all the sections of the people. It is also committed to the service of minority and disadvantaged groups subjected to crime on priority basis. Hence here is a need to critically evaluate i ts role in assisting victims and advocating reforms on their behalf.Victim Support assists the victims to deal with their experience in most efficient manner. It also

The English Heritage New Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The English Heritage New Model - Essay Example on that point is a risk of losing the fabric of historic assets if no measures are taken. In an effort to introduce a long-term sustainability program, the English Heritage has developed a business plan that will be employ to address the emerging issues. The new model has the capacity to address some of the problems affecting the bailiwick hereditary pattern collection. However, a close analysis of the business plan reveals that it has some weaknesses that require immediate addressing if it is to be successful.The organization and the English Heritage have focused on the benefits associated with the new business plan, especi wholey the aspect of reversing the authorized condition of the national heritage collection. The government has committed itself to allocate a total sum of 80 million. Moreover, the English Heritage will rely on third parties who will contribute towards the conservation of the national heritage collection. Howev er, a close analysis reveals that the government support of providing 80 million will non be sufficient to support the business plan. Notably, the viability of the business plan determines whether the English Heritage will take remarkable outcomes.1 Any successful business plan must have realistic financial planning. If the budget allocation and financial planning are inappropriate or insufficient, the viability of any business plan is limited. Evidently, the 80 million set aside by the government do not surface to address all the conservation costs that are likely to result effectively. There is a possibility that the project whitethorn fail because of insufficient funds. Although the government believes that the business plan is self-sufficient and realistic, there is a need for foreboding because financing the projects sufficiently will determine the expected outcomes.

Security and Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Security and Human Rights - Essay ExampleApparently, any governments priority to underwrite security for its people (McAdam, 2013).However, a critical focus on the Australian policies targeting migrants and asylum seekers tempts one to solve that the policies are not actually aimed at protection of the surface area but are centered on keeping migrants and asylum seekers off the Australian community (McAdam, 2013). The policies are harsh, inhumane and repugnant to the human rights and multinational law. This paper takes position against the Australian actions against migrants and asylum seekers particularly Muslims. It presents evidence of the inconsistencies of these Acts with human rights and the international law and gives recommendations to the UN concerning these actsIn 2001, unfortunate events, particularly the September 11 attack on the United States allowed the government to exploit reality fears and create a rhetorical and eventually legislative divide between the rights of the so referred to as genuine refugees, resettled in Australia from camps abroad by the offshore humanitarian program and those arriving in Australia spontaneously, ordinarily by boat, described as queue jumpers, illegals and unauthorized arrivals. The force government had laid the foundation of these laws. In 1992, the labor government created a policy of compulsory detention. Initially, the policy was aimed at being an exceptional measure for sway of Indochinese boat people majorly from Cambodia but was expanded to all unlawful non-citizens for administrative efficiency. The then Immigration see categorically sent a message that migration to Australia would not simply be achieved by arriving in the country and expecting to be permitted into the community. Ever since then, leaders have played up the concept of the good refugee who waits in a camp for resettlement and the bad refugee who jumps the line by arriving by boat (McAdam,

Casenote Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Casenote - Case Study ExampleThough this projecting does not lay the law but has only followed precedents in general, it still stresses on the point that the findings of the Ombudsman ar binding and also given the fact that the number of people affected by this judgement atomic number 18 m some(prenominal), it attempts to ensure that people ar not left without any remedy by seeking rethink of the Recommendation by the Parliament. In the course of this case note we shall understand the facts of the case, the law that governed the Occupational indemnity Scheme in the light of the precedents and also the discuss the judgement as to its correctness.The broad facts of the case are that the four claimants had individually believing in the information distributed by way of official government payoff and also believing in their employers word invested in the Occupational Pension Scheme only to body politic in financial crisis after retirement because of winding up. The companies of three out of the four claimants wound up and as a result they could not get more than a fraction of their pension amount, spot in the case of the twenty-five percent, the pension proposal wound up thereby throwing him into financial crisis. The situation of the fourth claimant is worse as he is not even eligible for the Financial Assistance Scheme promoted by the government as his company is still solvent. Given such a situation, Members of Parliament had made variant complaints to the Ombudsman regarding pension losses alleging firstly that the rights of pensioners were not protected, secondly that policy decisions were taken without referring to applicable evidence, thirdly relevant information being distributed was largely misleading material and lastly public bodies were causing unreasonable balk in winding up schemes. Based on these four allegations, the Ombudsman conducted an in depth investigation and relying on a government pamphlet disseminating pension information, s ubmitted a detailed report before the Parliament consisting of findings and recommendations, wherein she held the kingdom guilty of maladministration. In consequence the Public Administration Select Committee (PASC) considered her report along with the viva voce evidence presented by her and rejected her report completely except for one point. This rejection of the Parliament is the subject content of the judicial review of the present case. Legal BackgroundPrior to discussing the rationale behind the judgement, it is important to understand the legal background. It has been seen that traditionally pension schemes were governed by the law of trusts but later in 1995 the Pensions turn2 was enacted which dealt with occupational pensions. This Act brought about the establishment of the Occupational Pensions Regulatory Authority and also laid down the rules, regulations, rights and obligations of trustees and also introduced the plan of Minimum Funding Requirement or MFR3. The Act also stated that the assets and liabilities of a particular scheme should be equal at all times so that the assets balance the liabilities in case of any

Reasearch paper on the HIPAA Privacy Standards that went into effect Essay

Reasearch paper on the HIPAA Privacy Standards that went into effect in April of 2003 greatly affect both the privacy rights of patents and duties of medical checkup pe - Essay fontThe designated record set is the cluster of records used by a covered entity in part or in whole (to make decisions) that includes billing records, plan enrolment, payment, claims and management record of systems (United States Department of Health and tender-hearted Services 12). Exception to the right of regain includes information gathered for legal proceedings, laboratory results where the Clinical science lab Improvement Act (CLIA) disallows the right to use, or any data in custody of authorized enquiry laboratories. Information incorporated in the right of access may be denied if the covered entity deems that it could cause victimize to the patient or another person. In this case, the patient can ask for a second smell from a licensed health c are professional (United States Department of Hea lth and Human Services 12). veridical fees for copying and postage may be charged by covered entities.Yes, there are certain requirements for covered entities to have written privacy policies. This generally contains an account of the staff or personnel who has access to the protected information, how the information will be used and when or under what circumstance should it be disclose (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2). cover entities must likewise make sure that crease associates who have the right to use any protected information must bounded by symmetry for the restrictions and utilization of said information (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2).4. How will employees in the medical office have to be trained regarding privacy (for example, who is responsible for training and record keeping?) what is compulsory of an employee does not follow the privacy policy? When must employees be trained? In what manner?Covered entities must educate their staff/ employees regarding their privacy procedures and must train its entire workforce concerning its privacy policies and procedures which are

The Mountain Man Brewing Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The smoke Man Brewing Company - Essay ExampleAs a expiration, Chris Prangel, the smart sets new manager is faced with tough decisions which he has to make. This is because of the desire to convince his father, the companys founder, and other executives that the new brand can achieve victory in the mart place without negative commercialise impacts on the traditional beer. It is in this regard that a market campaign with an integrated marketing blast is recommended in this paper as a way of aiding Prangels decision making. Market Report The market that is presented in this case is that of a beer company which is faced with a challenge and dilemma in marketing its new brand. This challenge results from the desire to promote the new brand without affecting the positive image of spirit and legitimacy which the traditional brand has received from its consumers in the market. This market report is presented in form of an abbreviation of the business case with an aim of coming up with the most appropriate recommendation for the companys new manager for solving the challenges and dilemmas that the company is faced with. ... The response that Prangel wants to implement as a result of the decline in sales is the introduction of a new brand, the gage Man Light, which is targeted at the youth. Prangels decision seems to have yielded fruits because a 4% annual growth of the new brand was registered within the US. however the performance of the traditional brands continues to decline. A focus group study on the companys market by a regional advertising agency reveals that the preferences of various consumers in different age groups vary. The quondam(a) generation preferred the traditional Mountain Man Lager while the younger generation desire the Mountain Man Light. Chris Prangel is in a marketing dilemma in deciding between the marketing of Mountain Man Light as oppose to the traditional Mountain Man Lager brand. Mountain Man Lager was very successful by 2005 . This is demonstrated by the fact that the beer sold over 520, 000 barrels which earned the company more than $50 million. Moreover the brand had grown into the top of Virginias beer market. It is notable that in the beer business, the brand plays the major role in defining the decision of consumers for purchase and utilisation of a specific brand. However , multiple other factors such as taste, quality, price, occasion, tradition, brand image and authenticity play major roles in the decisions of consumers. Authenticity of the Mountain Man Lager was the main approach that was employ by the company in marketing its brand by the demonstration of its rich family history to the consumers. The success of the Mountain Man brand was specifically a success because of the target of the company on the hot collar consumers. This made the brand popular among working class men in Virginia. The fact that Mountain Man Lager was a

Comparative critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

comparative degree critical analysis - Essay ExampleAn analysis of this fact explains that it is of the essence that the belief and larn elegant be set in a manner that leave alone help unfold the mental abilities of the learners. Since reading results in different forms of change, it is fundamental that the learning mental process be created in a way that will help the clawren acquire a sore skill. A developed learning process is also presently linked to cognitive, social as well as affective development (Daniels, 1996). In line with this argument, the teaching and the education processes need to be practical in such a way that will baksheesh to deeper insights on the mind of the children.Through learning, the mind of the children is helped to develop. As seen in the research conducted by Donaldson (1978). Through the process of learning children adopt and learn bran-new ways of mental functioning. In the course of learning for example, the child may learn aspects touchin g in culture and language and manipulate the same to developed new ways of thinking and self-regulation (Wood, 1998). Through the language structures and the pragmatic concept of the same, children in turn form new facets that shape their minds (Wood, 1998). From this perspective, it is evident that the mind of the child indeed determines the way in which they learn, think, and perceive things in their surroundings.For learning to take lay in the case of the children, the entire learning and teaching process has to be prompt in approach. Vosniadou (2001) indicates that it is only in an active teaching and learning process that active learning takes place as well as the mutant development of children. Through an active learning process, it is indicated that the minds of the children are moved(p) thus, allows for a mastery of contents and a complete transformation of the general development of child since the building blocks of the mind have been

Where Is the Love by Black Eyed Peas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Where Is the Love by disconsolate Eyed Peas - Essay ExampleSocial or semipolitical ContextIf the release date of the rime Where Is the Love is followed and a thorough introspection within the lyrics of the song is focused, then an easy contention of the socio-political context of the song can be culminated. The song was released in the family 2003 when America was under the threat and trauma of post 9/11 event. The song was conceived almost as an anti-terrorism and anti-war anthem. The song captivated the issues pertaining to myriad social and political troubles across the world. The song does not only fundamentally focus on the issue of terrorism but it also highlighted the anti-terrorism policy undertaken by US governing and its hypocrisy upon the issue. The song captivates the issues of intolerance, racism and extreme greed of mankind which are actually leading to the happening of the civilisation.The song can be also sensed as the anti-terror and anti-war anthem which was pertinently culminated to set the remonstrance against the American invasion of Iraq. In fact, the song followed the American invasion of Iraq in 2003.Musical InfluencesThe song of Black Eyed Peas, Where Is the Love can be treated as the signatory music creation of the reverberate highly influenced by the hip-hop music. The song is also influenced by the early influences on the band of the songs Called pursuit and De La Soul. The song, Where Is the Love featured Fergie and the pop instinct of the band can be perceived in the song at full length. Fergie also introduced Justin Timberlake and associated him with the song.

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Assignment 2 - Essay ExampleThe insole and step to the foresole ar fitted with cork, allowing foot to form its own foot-bed for custom support. The shoes are durable and very fashionable.The advantage of buying the shoes was that it was worth the price, it was comfortable and available in a range of colours. The intelligence informationpaper covered the topics that I liked reading. The disadvantage of the phone was that it was slightly expensive with miserable camera quality.I was satisfied with the The Wall Street Journal newspaper because of how widely it featured its news from political scenes, business news and entertainment. However, I was dissatisfied with the purchase of the Samsung Galaxy S4 phone because the camera was non good for low-light shots, it had no Fm radio and the internal storage was limited because of the many applications.I define to continue with the purchase of the newspaper and the shoes but for the phone, I will try another deterrent example like Nok ia. My dad has one and its camera is great with low-light shots, it also has different designs, which give it exciting looks.harmonize to Ramaswamy (2012), the first stage is needing identification. When I needed a phone, I choose the Samsung Galaxy phone afterwards listening to my classmates. There were different phone models, but most of them recommended the Samsung phone because of its features. Thereafter, I started to process the information, which was march on stimulated by watching television that evening, featuring an advert of the phone. Seth (2011) refers to this stage as information explore and processing. I engaged in elaborate processing, by paying attention to the information available round the phone. I thought about the likely advantages and disadvantages of using it. When the information was processed and secured, I figured out other phone models, their features and where possible to get them. According to Ramaswamy (2012), this stage involves identification and evaluation of

Final Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final - Term Paper ExampleNobody knows for sure how revision willing turn out. To a certain extent, nothing is permanent except mixed bag itself. This should perhaps remind every of us how to cope with heighten and adopt to it. any(prenominal) people adopt to change quite unmistakably well, era others flounder and get left behind because of a different attitude towards change. Management scholars, change experts, and talented academicians have studied change and its effects on people, on how to manage the change transit to make it a positive outcome, or on how to teach people to adapt and accept change as a positive answer that will bring impertinently options or opportunities for those quick copious and astute liberal to embrace change as beneficial. The conventional wisdom is that people abide change because it implies chaos and uncertainty. However, a paradigm shift is needed to make people realize how change brings with it a new set of opportunities, the chance to s tart afresh and the option to wipe the slate clean, so to speak. Some people definitely thrive when exposed to change because they be quick enough to grab the chances presented by change when old rules no longer apply and new ones are just now cosmos implemented. The change process apprise be managed efficiently only if people open up their eye and their minds to the benefits that change brings. Change throne be a positive event because it brings progress for humankind in ways unimaginable but only if it is steered in the right ways. Discussion Since change is inevitable and oft unavoidable too, people should be ready at wholly times to adopt and adapt to any(prenominal) changes are coming their way. Human recorded history is a continuum of constant changes over the centuries and cumulatively, all those changes end now be seen in the way human civilization has progressed over several millennia. Change itself can be evolutionary (gradual) or revolutionary (abrupt) depending on the circumstances but change is happening all around sometimes without people consciously knowing how change is proceeding. Some people will resist change because they prefer to stay in their comfort zones and be happy with the present way of doing things while some people embrace change for new opportunities it brings. This dichotomy in peoples responses is starkly illustrated in the devil groups of friends who discovered their cheese was missing Sniff and Scurry were able to adapt and went about searching for new cheese, while another group (Hem and Haw) just waited for the cheese to just re-appear somewhat magically for them, without them doing anything (Johnson, 2003). Change can be managed actively and steered towards a desired outcome if people will be strong enough to do so. In other words, people can influence change in ways that are positive for them in the long run if they want to, all it takes is just personal willpower and governmental will to achieve positive change. It means people need to be proactive for change to fall out for them or otherwise, change will force people to adapt or wither away. This had been the case of approximately of ancient civilizations in the world, which achieved their heights and peaks of development but in the process, an unexpected change or event came along to which these civilizations were not able to adapt and caused their decline while new societies came along which prospered with change. Put differently, a person can be an active participant by being a change gene himself or choose to be a passive bystander watching all the change events affecting his own

Module 4 Student-Centered Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

module 4 Student-Centered Assessment - Essay Example2-3). Currently, students have standardized method or structured tutoring and exclusively depend on incidental peer tutoring. With incidental tutoring, it is not possible to identify and fix potential students learning needs and it is crucial to implement structured peer tutoring to track and judge learning needs and resolve those needs by making students active learners through transformative learning.The school public presentation evaluation revealed three main factors as responsible for the situation (Lannen, 2013, p. 8). First, teachers are not familiar with classify techniques. Consequently, they have not applied any mixed cap aptitude grouping in their classrooms. Secondly, teachers do not inspire peer tutoring, hence do not prepare tutors or perform any squeamish groundwork of tutoring structure whether in terms of time or material. Finally, teachers do not appoint an liberal and precise way of tutoring hence lack appr opriate guidance to the incidental tutors.First, incidental peer tutoring has to be replaced with structured form. This will mean that the teacher works together with the peer tutors in identifying mixed ability groupings within classroom settings, preparing them in advance, issuing appropriate guidance, and supervising them as they tutor (Lannen, 2013, p. 10). This way, tutors will divine service as role models, encourage and inspire students learning, and assist teachers and students. To the students, the peer tutor becomes an extra-teacher offering more person-to-person attention assists them to learn by identifying learning difficulties and explaining things differently encourages good rapport since they are age mate and inspires them to become teachers. The study will also seek to identify the effect of structured peer tutoring on teachers and teaching. The focus will be on teacher identification of student needs, ability

TRAINING, LEARNING & DEVELOPMENT 'HELPING HANDS' CASE STUDY Essay

TRAINING, LEARNING & DEVELOPMENT HELPING HANDS CASE STUDY - assay ExampleIt is against this background that I propose to delineate the strategic vision and mission of Helping oversteps current corporate philosophy. It is non far fetched to suggest at this stage of my analysis that the focusing at Helping devolve, has almost foreclosed the significant opportunities that TL&D concept presents to business organizations at a critical phase of its growth process, by not revisiting its corporate strategy. There is an inevitable negative correlation between the gradual up-scaling of strategic corporate goals and a static TL&D policy. The come oncome is not only predictably negative but also competitively disastrous.The principal stance of the Helping Hands senior management is that the operating capacity and efficiency of the middle management structure ought to be enhanced through a conventional and often credibility deficient technique of contracting out functional managerial tasks to outsiders who as consulting firms would rather put in place stop-gap measures. Stress management talk over services are performed by professionals who help client organizations to manage their staff well with a pick up to increasing worker productivity. Some of the latest techniques have been adopted, probably, by the Helping Hands rivals. For example, autogenous biofeedback in psychophysiological therapy and stress management, has been received by stress management companies with open arms because it provides the counseling with a more reliable tool (Lehrer and Sime, Editors, 2007, p.231). At Helping Hand, there is no such innovational strategic drive. Right now the level of staff motivation is at a low ebb. This is reflected in the high rate of labour attrition.Plans for diversification must be carried out with a total reorganize up in the existing organizational structure. Additional middle layers of management would necessarily add to the conference bottlenecks that u nderlie a tall chain of command. As a

Phytochemical report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Phytochemical report - Coursework ExampleThe tree height is between 5 to 8 meters. It is traditionally employ as treatment remedy option for intestinal diseases, looseness and dysentery (Jindal and Sharma, 2004). The pomegranate tree fruit is comprised of almost 550% of full pomegranate mass. It contains 85% sap and 15% seeds. The fresh tranquil is composed of 80% water, 15% whole sugars, and 2.5% pectin, polyphenolic flavonoids and the ascorbic acid. The critically abundant phytochemicals present in the juice of pomegranate atomic number 18 tannins. The most frequent phytochemicals in the pomegranate are the hydrolysable tannins. These are known as ellagitannins and are produced as the result of binding between some carbohydrate and the ellagic acid. Punicalagins are the type of tannins which turn in the holding of scavenging for free radicals present in our body (Kulkarni et al , 2007). They have the potential to be apply as therapeutics (Heber, 2008). Some other phytochemi cals present are catechins which are polyphenolic in nature, gallocatechins and a variety of anthocyanins like cyanidin and prodelphinidins etc (Plumb et al., 2002). collect to the presence of these phytochemicals the pomegranate plant is very abundantly used as a therapeutic constituent like bark of the root is used in the treatment of parasites residing in the intestine like memorialize worms. We will focus on the effects of punicalagins as they are readily absorbed and have a critical value as anti oxidants. Different studies involving the fruit put forward and also the flower extract showed that there is high content of punicalagins in them and the therapeutic potential of this compound is very diverse. It is basically a poly phenolic compound. Particularly speaking the punicalaginsare the huge compounds of polyphenols which are the isomers of 2, 3 - (S) -hexahydroxydiphenoyl-4,6-(S,S) - gallagyl- D- glucose. The molecular weight is 1085 secureness (Bialonska, et al, 2009). Affects of Processing on Punicalagins The homogeneous punicalagins is made by performing the roots with different solvents of the comminuted pomegranate outgrowth. It has the reddish brownness appearance and the total yield is about 30% to 35 % punicalagins. There is as such no effect of processing on the structure and activities of the compound. It maintains its native properties and is used commercially as an antioxidant. The final reaping is in the powder form. Different method actings have been devised for the extraction of organic compounds, so similarly there have been a number of methods which have been used for the isolation and purification of the punicalagins. The organic extraction method is atomic number 53 of the safest and relatively cost effective methods. Whatever the method may be used, special care is taken in order to maintain the stability and activity of the product so that it can be used commercially or experimentally. For the purification relatively beni gn and highly specific and sensitive techniques are used like High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). As this is a very sensitive and rapid method the extracts can be easily purified by it. Studies are still under process to improve the methods of extraction of these bioactive compounds in their native form (Heber, 2008). Effects in the body Punicalagins are extremely exclusive and significant polyphenol antioxidant which metabolize into ellagic acid. The rate of absorption of

The Discussion of Future Career Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Discussion of Future Career Goals - taste ExampleFirstly, the divine service that I hope to deliver will be fabricated upon the increasing levels of touristry that my native country has experienced with regards to the number of individuals that are currently traveling abroad for vacation. Although a litany of unlike travel agencies exists which can facilitate the process of booking tickets and planning hotel stays, a full-service travel industry does not exist. As such, providing cultural integration, analysis of any needed medical examinations or shots prior to going to a country, a crash course in etiquette, and an emphasis upon the proper(postnominal) activities that individual hope to engage in while they are on vacation will serve as new integration with the service industry. Accordingly, the tenure goal of this particular service plan will be to open at to the lowest degree one travel service agency at bottom a population center in waste of 4 million people. I further twenty-year plan will be to expand this industry and puddle it represented within at least 3 to 5 different locations around the country with a 25-year plan of appointing a manager and director to oversee the coordinated efforts that these entities can engage. Further, a specific localisation strategy will be predicated upon the occurrence that the current level of service offerings that exist within the specific sphere are incapable of meeting the needs or demands of the population in question. Moreover, due to the fact that more and more individuals are traveling each and every year and the projected growth within the tourism industry is set to exceed 30% within the next five years, it only makes tenacious sense to engage with this market as a means of promoting my own career and servicing the professed(prenominal) needs of individuals within the economy. Further, the Four Ps of marketing, price promotion place and product, can be utilized as a means of marketing this ser vice and increasing the level of engagement by the society or population. Firstly, before engaging with an understanding of price, promotion, or product, the place is a definitive band of the marketing mix that must first be analyzed.

Is it morally acceptable to consider race and ethnicity as factors in Essay

Is it righteously acceptable to consider charge and ethnicity as factors in university admissions - Essay ExampleThis was because racism was a major(ip) issue of concern during that period and supporting the admissions of racial minorities was considered as a step in overcoming this problem. The fresh perspective for this encouragement of admissions of people from different races is the achievement of diversity in the educational institutions (Biskupic). Following the division 1978, there have been different legal proceedings on this issue and questions have been raised regarding the moral acceptability of the consideration of race and ethnicity as factors in university admissions. The year 2003 was very most-valuable in the fall in States with regard to the issue of consideration of races in university admissions. The Supreme hook gave a belief that admissions in universities by utilizing race as a factor were constitutional if the selection was fair and proper methods of s election of the students were used. This ruling came in the cases relating to the University of Michigan. The court indicated two benefits of this policy which included the fact that they brought positive effects for the ordering and they were likewise associated with bringing diversity to the universities which is a very important part of the educational atmosphere. Furthermore, President Faulkner also support this ruling and presented positive thoughts on this ruling. He explained that groups that are ignored and not properly represented would be able to come away and become active members of the society as well (Blum Editorial). Thus, for the betterment of the society and the proper representation of all the people, the usage of race as a factor in university admissions is acceptable. An important legal proceeding which has challenged the previous rulings of the Supreme Court is the case of Abigail Fisher. Since almost three decades, the Supreme Court supported the utilizatio n of race as a criterion for university admissions but it is now believed that the Court major power reconsider its ending. Fisher is a resident of Houston and is a white and she has filed a petition against the University of Texas at capital of Texas by claiming that her rejection by the university was unjust and unfair. She has put forward the fact that many students coming from ethnic minorities who had educational records like her were given admission by the university. The proceedings of this case have taken place in the Supreme Court and it is feared by many university administrators that the court might issue a verdict in raise of Fisher. While awaiting the judgment on the case, administrators of educational institutions have sited their fears with regard to this issue. Marvin Krislov who is the President of the Oberlin College of Ohio has put forward these concerns by explaining that the students of minority groups would greatly reduce if the verdict comes in favor of Mis s Fisher (Biskupic). Furthermore, the decision of the University of Texas was supported by many universities across the United States and universities provided their written opinions to the court to rule in favor of the University of Texas and allow it to follow its admission policies of considering race as a factor in admissions (Blum). The usage of race and ethnicity as a factor in university admissions has been banned in many states in the United States. These include California, Washington, Michigan, Nebraska and Arizona. The usage of rac

Lease and licence problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lease and licence problem question - demonstrate ExampleHe thinks of selling the piazza and moving away in future. Two weeks ago, while his wife was away visiting his elderly mother and Peter was on a business trip, he set a buyer, David Matthews who was prepared to offer cash for quick sale. The Fate of Alice and Peter According to Legal Principles and regime A licence is a contractual right to use a property particularly dry land that would otherwise be il effective. Conversely, a enlist is an interest of land that is given by the lesser to a lessee for a defined flowing of time while granting exclusive possession. In light of this, it is clear that Jeffrey has the legal rights over the property at Georgetown, and hence has human activity to the property. Needless to mention, Jeffrey is among the people who have indefeasibility of title. According to property law, this means that Jeffrey is included in the title as the owner who has an indefeasible or unquestionable title of the property. Besides, the state guarantees the correctness of the information contained on the title and is, therefore, liable to provide compensation under effrontery fund. Thus, legal interests are solely concerned with willpower of property as in the case of Jeffrey who has accountant that is associated with the ownership.1 With this regard, it is entirely challenging for his wife Alice to claim any legal right for the property even though she is married to him. The fact that Alice moved into the property in 2005, and has continually spent a considerable measuring rod of her savings in renovating the property to an extent of converting the top floor into an apartment, which Jeffrey later leases out to Peter, a businessman for quint days, a situation that does not recognise her as an exclusive or shared possessor. Simply, Alice could precisely be recognised by Law, only if she was registered as one with equitable interest to the property. This way Alice would be entitl ed to the benefits of the property. None the less, individuals with equitable interests are not in a position to lay claims against an costless third party who purchases the legal interest of the property. Apparently, the quick sale of the property of Jeffrey to Matthews leaves Alice with no right of ownership or claim for ownership even if she had equitable interest for the property. Jeffrey then leases part of the property to Peter, an internationalist businessman for a period of five years even though, Peter is an absentee lessee for a certain period of the year. According to Law, leasehold interest on the property is created by a formation of lease, which mainly comprises of lessor (Jeffrey) and lessee (Peter). A lease (Jeffrey) gives the lessee (Peter) exclusive possession of property for a specific period of time which in this case is five years in exchange for payment or rent. Of important note is that, a lease tail end be registered on the title, for a set period.2 This g ives the right to sublet, assign or sell unexpired delegate with the landlords consent, right to exclusive possession, over and above, the right to sue in case of trespass. Indeed, business that subsist between Jeffery and Peter is recognised as leasing according to Property Law for the reason that it exceeds three years and therefore a deed is necessary to conform its validity. Additionally, the

The Parable of the Old Man and the Young Essay Example for Free

The Parable of the Old Man and the teenage EssayThe Parable of the Old Man and the Young is a short meter written by Wilfred Owen in 1920, As the title mentions, the poem is a parable. It is generally accepted that the old man, Abram, represents the European nations or more probably their governments, the first view of the poem is that it is heavily based on the story Abram (Genesis 221-18), where Abram is told to sacrifice his son. In the story, as he was about to sacrifice his son as an offering to divinity, an holy man comes down and tells him to stop and to sacrifice a lamb instead. He does as hes told and makes a covenant with God saying that Abram will be the Father of a new nation.But the twist in this poem is that when Abram is told by the angel to stop, he doesnt and kills his son. But the old man would not so, but mint his son,/And half the seed of Europe, one by one. The author also manages to include metaphors and symbolisms referring to a war. Then Abram boun d the young with belts and straps, /and builded parapets and trenches there. This quote is clearly depicting an image of Isaac going unwillingly to war with the parapets and trenches. When lo an angel called him out of heaven,/ Saying, come out not thy hand upon the lad,/ Neither do everything to him.Behold,/ A ram, caught in a thicket by its horns/ purport the Ram of Pride instead of him. The quote symbolizes that all that all Abram has to do is give up his self-exaltation and not send his son Isaac to the gruesome war. But the old man would not so, but slew his son,/ And half the seed of Europe, one by one. I believe that Abram represents the government of Europe, drafting the concourse (Isaac) to go to their doom in war. Along with the rest of the population of Europe to die at war, heartlessly and without any regret all the government had to do was give up their pride. Probably Europe lost the war.The goal ii lines are the only ones that rhyme, and the image they paint is chilling an old man methodically sidesplitting the seed of Europe. It is mainly the power of this image, set out in the poem and culminating in the last two lines, that makes it haunting. Recruiting Recruiting is a poem written by E. A. mack, who served in World War 1 until 1917 were he was killed at the Somme. Mackintoshs poem is very bitter, heavily sarcastic and he aims to send a heart and soul to the people back in England who pressure young men to go to war.The first word in the poem is Lads suggests youth and innocence, which contrasts how Mackintosh sees the people who set up the campaign as the fat civilians which shows emphasises of how these people could not fight the war themselves. The second stanza the poet supports how the fat civilians could not fight by quoting them saying Could go and fight the Hun Knowing they will never be in danger of doing anything of the sort as they convey God they are over fourty one The poet also attacks the shallow girls who are ofte n seen as the reasons wherefore men went off to die, to please them.The girls are said to have feathers because they would give them to men who hadnt joined up as a sign of cowardice. The songs are vulgar songs meaning they have little sure emotion, they are shallow and crude. After the third stanza Mackintosh speaks of what the recruiting posters should say if they are honest the real effigy of shivering in the morning dew and killing people like yourselves. Which is a frequent theme that the Mackintosh wants the reader to know that the German soldiers were ordinary men just like them.Mackibtosh also attacks the journalists as he belives that they like the war because the casualties give them something to talk about, this is shown in the line Help o keep them nicee and safe(p) which is really bitter aimed at those who would send young men to die to protect their own harbor but who would do nothing about it themselves. The last line Lads youre cute out you go. Ends with a dismissive phrase after the dash to show how eagerly the civilians wanted the soldiers to go.

Banana Heart Summer Essay Example for Free

Banana Heart Summer EssayIV. Choose your pet lines/quotations. Explain and cleanify.* Floating faith made us brave, made us endure consequences. I wonder this line because it is true that faith made us brave. I have my possess faith that unfeignedly makes me knock-down(prenominal) and affect my flavor even lots of consequences come. I know that having faith gives grace in your heart and soul that keeps you to fight.* The journey of life is not any easy.Yeah, so true, that life is not any easy because we do not know what will come tomorrow or later. There are lots of things that may happen. Good or bad we can never say. But if we have faith, life will be at ease and enjoyable enough. Your faith will guide you and gives you inspiration to continue your life no matter what problems come.* Pride is a criminality, lordliness is salvation. I am my mothers daughter. This one is kind of reflective one. It makes me to realize something. I commit that this butifiable self-re spect is a sin especially if you are hurting somebody in a simple or hard way. And this dignity or the honor that you keep will save you from your sin like pride. The last line saying, I am my mothers daughter gives me joy that Nenita shows great love because shes proud that she is a daughter of her mother no matter what people say and even if her mother expresses disappointment towards Nenita.* Im afraid I could never find the balance between love and anger. These two strong emotions are sometimes hard to control. I like this line because I can relate my own experience. Like being in love somehow gives happiness that can drive you crazy, do everything, sacrifices and all like. While being angry which I am scared of is real uncontrollable sometimes. Its so confusing that you do not what will happen next if love and anger collides.* It was just rain, just water. Without sweets or spices or condiments, without our expert or fumbling interventions to make it taste better, without our need to disguise its nature, except how we reveled in each drop. It explains the significance of water in our lives. I love these lines because it expresses simplicity likewise in having simple life. Being satisfied even if you only have enough.* Sadly love is not just water we do things to it.I laughed in this line because as to compare love in water, it is really different. Unlike in having water in your hand is so easy to possess and have it eer in just for example buying it while in love you need to give trouble and effort until the end just to save and nourish it.* We understand that the devil and the angel were equal partners in the balance of the universe. I believe that there is devil and angel in this world. That is why there is earnest and bad, happy and sad, light and dark, love and hate. Sometimes we find our lives more meaningful if we realize that we do drift and change it and be better next time.* First love is withal confusing.As a saying, original love never die because this was the first time you fall in love to someone who you regard is the best person ever that you want to be with forever and the last. It is true that first love is too confusing because it surely drives you crazy. Unstoppable care and worries at the same time.* They say there is love at first sight between a mother and her firstborn. A great blessing it is to have a baby. The most awaited gift from God that a couple want and need to. Yes, I believe that there is love at first sight between the mother and her first baby only if because they are alike. Having this powerful feeling that you can only find, Love.V. Think of the most appropriate sound class for Banana Heart Summer, state reason by giving ten lines or more from the song.

The Pangaea Theory Essay Example for Free

The Pangaea Theory EssayThe Pangea theory describes that all continents were joined together in one enormous land quid millions of years ago. Later on the continents broke a discussion section and get started drifting in opposite directions and still continued to make another ar prevailment. In 1912, Alfred Wegner, a German meteorologist and geologist gave the hypothesis the all the continents were joined together in a single Continental land mass surrounded by a single ocean (Panthalassa) Late Paleozoic fourth dimensions. The Wegner used the term Kontinentalverschiebung for the insulation and displacement of crustal blocks. Pangea situated around where Antarctica is now redeemly.During Jurassic Period the Pangaea started to break up into smaller units called Laurasia and Gondwanaland. In late Cretaceous period, the continents were further separated and transformed as present day continents (William Lowrie, 2007). Figure-1 shows the reconstruction of Wegeners continental ma ss using paleo-climatic data from Carboniferous, Permian, Eocene and to Quarternary.Figure-1 (a) Pangaea reconstruction by Wegener in Late Carboniferous time (b) continents in Eocene times (c) continents in Early Quaternary, where K, S, W, E refers coal, table common salt, desert areas, ice sheets respectively (after William Lowrie, 2007).Evolution of HimalayasThe Himalaya holds very(prenominal)(prenominal) important geological and archiarchitectonic history. The arc of Himalayan belt is virtually 2500 km from northwest to southeast. It comprises of retentive-familiar famous peaks like Nanga Parbat, Evereast and Namche Barwa etc. The Himalayan ranges hold a vast concentration of lithospheric mass comprising Precambrian to modern sediments.The contnent to continent conflict of Indian and Asian plates is con grimacered as the grave reason for the origion and development of Himalaya. This collision occurred in last 100 Ma yielding the uplifting of Himalayan chain of mountains. This lead the closing of Tethyian ocean during 60-50 Ma. The over trust sheets and formation of nappe and klipps was generated as a exit of crustal shortening.The uplift evented coarse erosion and depositary phases in the Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal. The subduction process is still below continuation causing earthquakes and tsunamis in the entire region (Anshu Kumar Sinha, August 2008),(An Yin et. al, May 2000) During cretaceous get on the indian plate started it journey of collision with Eurasian plate. The subduction of the Indian plate occurred under Eurasia making Tibetan crust with huge onerousness (Figure-2). The Tsangpo Indus fibrous joint zone was formed in western sandwich while MKT/ MMT zones were created. Several regional faults like main continental and boundary gormandises as well as salt range storms were generated (Klootwijk et al., 1992). Figure-3 show the statistical distribution of major thrust faults associated with the indianeurasian plate collision Hamalyian orogeny.Figure-2, The subduction of Indian plate under Eurasian plate (after Klootwijk et al., 1992).Figure-3, Regional thrust faults distribution due to the collision of Indian plate (after Harald Drewes, 1995)Tectonics of Sulaiman Kirthar RangeSulaiman Range The Sulaiman Kirthar ranges comprises of about 1250 km long and 75 to 180 km wide zone. The zone is highly complex geomorphologically (Figure-4). There are regional thrust belts in northern and southern boldness of these ranges. On the eastern and southern side of these belts the successions are highly folded. The intensity of folding diminishes as we move more eastward and southward. A huge fore abstruse zone containing 10 km thick Jurassic to Recent sediment is present in anterior of these ranges in the eastern and southern direction (A. H. Kazmi et al., 1997).Sulaiman Kirthar ranges comprises of various tectonos tratigraphic zones. The fold belt contains arc shaped zone is east-west direction. There is expo sure of Jurassic to recent strata having a regional unconformity at the base of Dungan Limestone of Palaeocene age having Biabi volcanics a protolith.The folding style in Sulaiman fold belt area are enechelon, correspond/ sub parallel or open which becomes b quidtoer as we move northward. The northern and central part of this belt holds the steep and huge thrust faulting effects including NW and NNW trending strike slip faults originating syntaxis. The lobe shape of Sulaiman fold is believed to be the result of presence of weak basal decollement composed of pilitic rocks or fine carbonates at 14 km deep above the crystalline basement which is supported by tear faults. The northward zone also comprises tight detachment folds as well as forward propagating anticlines with duplex geometry in piggy-back style while in south eastern side broad and dome shaped wider anticlines are present.The Sibi trough exist amid Sulaiman and Kirthar fold belts. The trough contains 15 km thick sequen ces of Triassic to Recent sedimentary rocks above the basement. The thickness of Siwalik molasses in Sibi trough is 7000 meters (A. H. Kazmi et al., 1997).Kirthar Range The Kirthar Fold Belt is 330 km long and 50 to 70 km wide. The belt runs between Quetta and Karachi from north-south. In north and western side Bela-Zhobophiolite are present while on eastern side the Sibi trough, Kirthar foredeep and Indus platform are present (Figure-4). Jurassic to Recent sedimentary rocks are present in the Kirthar Fold Belt. Smaller structural units appear in the belt by differences in tectonic style and variations in stratigraphic successions (A. H. Kazmi et al., 1997).Kalat anticlinorium It lies in northern-most part of this belt contains massive Jurassic carbonates and comprises parallel or en echelon folds. Tallest peaks of more than 3000 meters are present in the area. The doubly plunging broad anticlines with steep limbs and flatter crests are cat valium which are cut by popular and reve rse faults. Wider synclinal valleys covered with Cretaceous and Paleogene shales and limestones are present.Kalat plateau The plateau is situated in the south of Kalat anticlinorium. This plateau is a depression or downthrown block that is containing Kirthar Limestone of Eocene age. This plateau is a gently undulating synclinorium and holds small and gentle folds having tear and reverse faults. Khuzdar knot This area is having irregular geometry of structural feature. The zone has gone through intense deformation that lessens in southward. The massive Jurassic limestone here is forming tightly foldedanticlines that are separated by tight valleys of irregular geometry. The trend of anticlinal axes is dancing in near every direction. The folds in eastern side are larger broader.Khude Range Fold Belt The range consists of Paleogene sediments comprising thrust faults that are dipping away from the range. Narrow elongated and en echelon anticlines are present with Jurassic-Cretaceous opened in the core.Nagau-KirtharFold Belt This belt comprises tight, en echelon, subparallel and doubly plunging folds characterized by reverse and tear faults. On the eastern side of the belt a lot of small popup structures are present due to presence of Kirthar Limestones. The passive crownwork duplex models are observed in this area.Karachi Embayment Zone This zone is characterized as a synclinorium and contains Miocene to Recent sediments forming sou-sou-west trending anticlines.Sanbakh-Lakhrauplift zone The zone lies in the east of Karachi embayment. Paleogene and Neogene sedimentary rocks have filled this area. The zone holds a lot of unconformities and comprises of broad doubly plunging, gentle northsouth trending folds that are cut through by numerous reverse and normal faults. The unconformities depicts that this zone was a structural hight in the paleotimes.KakarKhorasanBasin Kakar Khorasan is referred as Flysch basin. This basin is present in the north of Zhob ophiolite and thrust belt. The basin is comprised of flysch sediments. The deltaic and molasse sediments are also present in the basin. It is assumed that the oceanic crust related to Indian plate has subducted at a lower place Afghan block, this analysis is based on the gravity surveys which depicts that the oceanic crust beneath the Afgnan block is getting thinner causing Afghan block about 57 km thick. Nisai Limestone of Eocene age as well as Khojak Flysch sediments of Oligocene to Miocene age are exposed in the basin which are underlain by Pliocene sediments or younger molasse. Broad to tight anticlines and synclines associated with the reverse faults are present in this area (A. H. Kazmi et al., 1997).Figure-4, geological map of a part of Sulaiman-Kirthar Fold Belts (after A. H. Kazmi et al., 1997).Geology Stratigraphy of Salt RangeSalt range is composed of very interesting geology and tectonics. Tectonically the salt range is the result of Himalayan orogeny. The salt range thrust is the key tectonic feature that controls the whole configuration of these ranges. Various syntaxes were created due to the movements along vertical axes. Hazarasyntaxis (Jehlum fault) and Indus River syntazxis (Kalabagh fault) are characterized by side(prenominal) movements are present in East and west of the salt range respectively (Figure-5) which are the result of adjustment of major thrust plate around the subducting one. The area mainly comprises of thrusted salt cored anticlines and popups where salt is performing as decollement surface (A. H. Kazmi et al., 1997).Figure-5, Tectonic map for salt range (after Harald Drewes, 1995)The salt range comprises of Infra-Cambrian evaporates deposits which are under the coverage of EoCambrian package. The absence of Middle Cambrian to Early Permian rocks depicts regional unconformity in salt range.In Nammal, Chichli Nilawahan gorges of western salt range the younger while in western side at Choa Sayden Shah the older strata is exposed. Th e salt range area contains molasse deposits of Miocene to Pliocene age which are the result of Himayalian erosion. These recent sediments cover the thick EoCambrian package that overlies evaporite deposits (A. H. Kazmi et al., 1997).Mesozoic and earlier rock rocks exposures are exposed also in Surghar and Khisor ranges. The dolomites, shales and sandstones of Jehlum Group are unconformably overlain by a thick succession of carbonates and clastics of Nilawahan and Zaluch groups. Talchir boulder make dos are the indications of a regional angular unconformity at the base of Permian. The exposed Eo-Cambrian formations are about 550m thick in Eastern salt range while the Permian sequence is about 700m thick in western Salt range. Figure-6 is a schematic cross section of Salt, Surghar and Khisor range presentation the stratigraphic distribution of formations.The area is devoid of Ordovician to Carboniferous strata depicting a regional unconformity. In western salt range Permian to recen t sediments are present uncomfortably over the Cambrian succession. On the contrary in the eastern salt range the Cambrian package is quite preserved and also do not contain Ordovician to Carboniferous successions. There is an abrupt change of stratigraphic successions that just above the Cambrian the Oligocene to recent sediments. An reasonable thickness of continental molasses sediments is about 8000 meters overlying the Eo-Cambrian packages. The Nilawahan group of Lower Permian age acts as a regional unconformity in the entire area (A. H. Kazmi et al., 1997).Figure-6, Stratigraphic distribution of various successions in Khisor, Surghar and Salt range (after A. H. Kazmi et al., 1997).Tobra formations Talchir Boulder bed is a result of a global glacial event the Bain Boulder bed of Marwat formation of Pliestocene age in Bhittani and Shinghar ranges is result of a single catastrophic flood event comprising volcanic debris flow.The salt range area contains highly fossiliferous strat igraphic sequences. Permian sequences contains wide range of fossils, the lower part contains cold while its upper part has water fauna and flora. Lower Eocenes Kuldana Formation contains craniate fauna of whales. The successions in Cretaceous age contain vertebrates like rodents, artiodactyls, bounodonts, anthracobunid and proboscideans. The Siwaliks on the other hand contains mammal fossils (A. H. Kazmi et al., 1997).

Processes of negotiation Essay Example for Free

Processes of negotiation EssayIn simplest terms, negotiation is a intervention between two or more disputants who are trying to work out a radical to their problem. Negotiations typically take place because the parties wish to create somewhatthing new that neither could do on his or her own, or to resolve a problem or dispute between them. The parties acknowledge that there is some conflict of interest between them and think they go off use some form of influence to set up a give deal, rather than simply taking what the other(a) align will voluntarily make water them. When parties carry on, they usually expect give and take. While they consent interlocking goals that they fanny non accomplish independently, they usually do non want or collect exactly the same thing. This interdependence can be either win-lose or win-win in nature, and the type of negotiation that is appropriate will vary accordingly. The disputants will either attempt to draw out the other side to comply with their demands, to modify the opposing position and move toward compromise, or to invent a solution that meets the objectives of all sides.The nature of their interdependence will have a major impact on the nature of their relationship, the way negotiations are conducted, and the outcomes of these negotiations. Mutual adjustment is one and only(a) of the key causes of the changes that occur during a negotiation. twain parties know that they can influence the others outcomes and that the other side can influence theirs. The effective negotiator attempts to envision how people will adjust and readjust their positions during negotiations, based on what the other society does and is expected to do.The parties have to exchange information and make an effort to influence each other. As negotiations evolve, each side proposes changes to the other ships companys position and makes changes to its own. This process of give-and-take and making concessions is necessary if a sett lement is to be bear oned. If one party makes several proposals that are rejected, and the other party makes no alternate proposal, the first party may introduce off negotiations. Parties typically will not want to concede too much if they do not sense that those with whom they are negotiating are free to compromise.The parties essentialiness work toward a solution that takes into account each persons requirements and hopefully optimizes the outcomes for both. As they try to find their way toward agreement, the parties focus on interests, issues, and positions, and use cooperative and/or competitive processes to come to an agreement. Planning for Negotiations Effective mean is crucial to meeting negotiation objectives. If the parties are to reach a stable agreement, specific events moldiness take place before the parties ever come to the table. 1.Parties must frame the problem, and recognize that they have a common problem that they share an interest in solving. Frames are the conceptions that parties have of the situation and its risks. They allow the parties to begin to develop a shared definition of the issues twisting, and the process indispensable to resolve them. When the frames of both parties match, they are more likely to focus on common issues and have a common definition of the situation. The way in which parties position the problem can shape the rest of the planning process.2. In the early stages of framing, negotiators must in any case determine their goals, anticipate what they want to achieve, and prepare for the negotiation process. They must define the issues to be discussed and analyze the conflict situation. In many cases, negotiators can appeal to research or consult with experts to help them develop a complete list of the issues at stake. 3. Negotiators often exchange and negotiate the list of issues to be discussed in advance.Consultation between negotiators prior to actual negotiation allows them to agree on the agenda of issu es to be discussed, as well as the location of the negotiations, the time and duration of the sessions, the parties to be involved in the negotiations, and techniques to pursue if negotiation fails. Negotiators should also agree on principles that will guide the drafting of a settlement, the procedures to be used in negotiations, and the formula by which a general agreement is to be reached. 4. afterward assembling issues on an agenda, the negotiators must prioritize their goals and evaluate the possible tradeoffs among them.Negotiators must be sensitive of their goals and positions and must identify the concerns, desires, and fears that underlie their substantive goals. They must determine which issues are most pregnant, as well as whether the various issues are linked or separate. Once they have determined the relative importance of the issues, parties need to decide the order in which issues should be discussed. Different situations suggest different answers to that question, and different negotiators and mediators prefer one approach over the others. 5.Negotiators that are operating on behalf of a constituency should consult with their constituents as well as with the other side to ensure that the constituents needs and priorities are included in the negotiations. 6. The next step is for negotiators to define specific targets with respect to the key issues on the agenda. Parties should try to figure out the best resolution they can expect, what counts as a fair and reasonable deal, and what is a minimally acceptable deal. They should also be aware of the ironlikeest points in their position and recognize the strongest points in the other sides position.7. Because negotiations typically involve more than one issue, it is laboursaving for negotiators to anticipate different ways of packaging issues. They can balance the issues they regard as most important by being more flexible about items they deem less important. 8. Planning for negotiation also invo lves the development of supporting arguments. Negotiators must be able to present supporting facts and arguments, anticipate how the other side will respond to these arguments, and respond to the other partys claims with counter-arguments. 9.Finally, planning involves assessing the other partys priorities and interests and trying to get a better idea of what that party is likely to want. Negotiators should gather background information about the other partys current needs, resources, and interests. This can be done through preliminary interviews or consultations with those who have done business with the other party in the past. In addition, negotiators need to understand the other partys objectives. Negotiators should be aware of the other partys negotiation style, reputation, and the schema and tactics they commonly use.They should investigate that partys past behavior in related settings, determine his or her organizational position, and find out whom he or she admires and whos e advice carries weight. An individuals past negotiation behavior is a good recital of how he or she will behave in the future. Also, negotiators should understand the other partys alternatives. If the other negotiator has strong alternatives, he or she will probably be willing to set high objectives and be willing to push hard for these objectives during negotiation.

Educating Essay Example for Free

Educating EssayIndividuals venturing into saucy experiences may encounter obstacles but may also gain signifi cant rewards. Do you agree with this purview? In your response, refer to your prescribed school text intelligence and atleast one early(a) related text of your own choosing.Individuals venturing into pertly experiences may encounter obstacles but may also gain significant rewards. This is present in the text Educating Rita written by Willy Russell and the film The Help written by Kathryn Stockett. In this text we see a fairly un-educated woman blossom and find herself through learning the obstacles she faces on her way to knowledge ar the stepping stones in finding herself and encrypting the new cosmea of education. Rita is a typical uneducated woman her animation is already planned out for her consisting of children, cooking/cleaning, pub trips and the overall expectation to be content with this flavor and non expect any more. However throughout the text we see Rita break away from this turn down correct/restricting stereotype to blossoming and finding herself in the world of education.The opening injection portrays to us the two completely different worlds in which Rita and cad live. Rita has enrolled in an Open University course as she sees education as a way of moving out of her world she feels out of step with her working class background and wants to discover herself first before having a baby and tying herself down for life. Ritas unalterable desire to know everything makes Frank feel that he is an appalling teacher because he feels he has energy to offer her.Frank is Ritas course tutor he is a very negative and sober man who is heavily reliant on alcohol to dull his boredom and frustration. Although being a deteriorate alcoholic he is also a very precise, formal and educated professor who is just on a downward spiral in his life. Throughout the text we see Rita and Franks kinship grow as Rita makes him feel as if he has hope again, and then his drive comes back.In scene one we observe Rita struggling to open the door into Franks baron this symbolises her struggle to enter that world, its a barrier, however shes determined to get what she wants in this case education hence almost breaks the door in order to get in. Youre the first breath of air thats been in this room for years quoted by Frank symbolises the opening up of a new world for him, hes now got someone new and different to experience. This is a good change for Frank. view two beings with Rita oiling Franks office door, then handing the oil to Frank. This is symbolic of giving him the key/ hammer to open up to another world. Rita still doesnt portray herself as a proper bookman and her self esteem/ cartel is still very low. She doesnt think she is capable of achieving the great essays that the other students write and doubts herself that she will even finish the course. This scene really reveals the cost that trying to change herself is apt(predicate) to have on Rita. She is dissatisfied with her life and has a desire to change it, yet it would be easier in her opinion to simply stay as she is and continue her boring life of hairdressing and different flavoured beers.Frank assigns Rita 3 novels to read as her hunger for knowledge is write downing to grow extremely. The slow change in Rita is starting to perplex evident as she can read/take on any book presented to her, it feeds me inside. Her hunger is growing and making her slowly discover who she is, it makes me stronger comin here.Although Rita feels as if shes in the end accepted in the university and has a place/fits in with the proper students, she still has barriers to face in her individual(prenominal) life that are important determining points in her progress and choices as an individual. Ritas husband Denny isnt accepting nor bright about her doing this whole learning thing and forces her to choose between him and education as he doesnt understan d that this is the first time shes happy and felt a backbone of purpose in her life.Denny has made her constantly feel stupid for even considering getting an education and therefore burns all of her books. The burning of the books is symbolic of Denny trying to prevent Rita from moving away. Youd think I was havin a bloody affair the way he behaves And arent you? symbolises Ritas affair with education. Although she may not be cheating on Denny, she still desires to educate herself more than spend time with her husband and is happy with this choice as it is her own choice and no one elses.In scene six we start to see a notable change in the relationship between Rita and Frank. When Rita bursts into Franks office excited to tell him that she saw one of Shakespeares plays it was bleedin great, Frank thought that something serious had happened which indicates that he is beginning to care for her. After inviting Rita to a dinner party at his house Frank feels close-hauled to Rita thi s invite symbolises the change in the basis of their relationship from teacher and student to a more ad hominem one.Throughout the text we have seen Rita grow and shape herself as an individual, no matter what obstacles and new experiences she has encountered with on her way she has got through them with determination and strength, and as a result has been great personal gain. Towards the end of the text Frank presents Rita with a dress this is symbolic of a dress for an educated woman, she is now one and can wear the dress with pride. Frank decides to leave the university, as he does not feel it is the right charge for him anymore and would prefer to spend his time doing something else. Rita and Frank have both grown and found themselves throughout this text which is also evident in the film The Help written by Kathryn Stockett.The Help is coiffure in Mississippi during the 1960s, main character Skeeter (Stone) is a southern society girl who returns from college determined to be come a writer, but turns her friends lives and the Mississippi town upside down when she decides to interview the black women who have exhausted their lives taking care of the richer upper class families. Davis, Skeeters best friends housekeeper, is the first to open up and be interviewed to the coldcock of her friends in the close black community. Despite Skeeters life long friendships hanging in the balance, she and Davis continue their fusion and soon more women come forward to tell their stories and as it turns out, they have a lot to say. along the way, unlikely friendships are forged and a new sisterhood emerges, but not before everyone in town has a thing or two to say themselves when they become unsuspectingly/unwillingly caught up in the changing modern times. This is relevant to the text Educating Rita as the women find the courage and self confidence to venture into new experiences to help better either themselves or their community.

The Impact of Internet on ways in which Citizens Participate on Political and Social Systems Essay Example for Free

The Impact of net on slipway in which Citizens Participate on Political and Social Systems EssayIn every single day, the lucre expands by the complaisant, political, and economic activities of people all over the demesne consequently its impact on the engagement of citizens grows exp unrivaledntially. lucre has disregarded geographical distances and separations in this parvenu world, as b exhibitions no pertinaciouser sop up heavy(p) impact on limiting peoples activities. People be encouraged to participate and sacrifice on different aspects which have drawn different experiences and pooled resources together.Actions and reactions have become instantaneous in net income and this has made network to be more than gratifying and attractive. The resultant effect is that profits has impacted our parliamentary law in almost all areas of human endeavour. The problem is that the impact has been both positive and negative and as such, caution has been advocated as a me ans in which citizens should approach the meshing. An internet safety plan is gum olibanum required in which shall protect children and security in e-businesses has to be more guaranteed (Kedem 1999). Impact of internet on the political trunksWe will analyse this impact by first posing a query whether internet has any effect, whether positive or negative on the amount of political participation and the extent it contri besideses to the genesis of a more participative society. Authors had initially suggested that a reduction in levels of political participation could be pass judgment as a result of the kindly function of the internet. They reasoned out that internet brings with it atomisation and a debilitative of social cohesion, which back end as well take up a large part of peoples free time (Davis 1999). jibe to Meinardus (2003) the new technology back in 1990s created an internet-euphoria. It was assumed that the digital technology would shimmer over mankind to a bet ter world creating more chances for mass participation in the political and economic market place. These euphoric assessments have given way to more cautious appraisals, as more and more people become conscious of the potential dangers of the technological advancement. lucre has been used by pols in order to win some scores on different activities and events.In South Korea, students of digital politics admire what one reporter termed as the most advanced online democracy on the planet. They called it webocracy which became unmixed to a wider international audience during a presidential election. The election was won by a politician who no longer relied primarily on the traditional mass rallies, but exploited the possibilities of the internet and other(a) modern communication devices, systematically. The politician succeeded in mobilizing millions of mainly young supporters, who logged onto his website to donate money and receive political updates.He received messages that contai ned policy recommendations which the contributedidate promised to consider seriously in his decision making (Meinardus 2003). net profit campaigning has become very prevalent. It is with no doubt that new technology has opened the door to new forms of grass-roots participation. at that place is every indication that on-line politics are changing the traditional power structures. Internet has t herefore made political process more transparent, more communicative, more participatory and hence more democratic.Internet use has increased democracy level, e-mails with political content have been sent in order to try to influence government decisions through comments posted on websites (Tab functional Report 2005). The ability to impertinence the costs of political participation is a determining factor in the decision whether or non to participate. The impact of internet on political system depends on the availability of resources. The members of a nation with small time, money or o ther resources might not participate in the use of the internet in sharing their views and comments as the cost of participation is very high for them.The low cost of admittanceing internet has on the other hand fuelled the impact of the internet on political systems. Internet allows almost unlimited, fast, and specious access to political training which can not be easily obtained by other means. People thusly have resulted top use of the internet to obtain information which has enabled them participate even the more in political debates, and policies which are about to be implemented (Milner 2002). In deed a Tab Working Report (2005) argues that internet is currently being widely used for communication between political and the exoteric, and routines have developed at various points.There has been an increase in activities for e-participation and online discussion at the international level. There is also a programmatic consensus that the internet can play an important role in strengthening articulation democracy Limitations Internet enables access to political information that make people participate more in political systems. The access of information does not mean that one obtains the capacity to process and interpret that information which is required to make the information knowledge that can be beneficial to the individual and in which one can make rational decisions.Internet might contain a sea of information but that does not guarantee the quality of such information which might be interpreted wrongly. This may lead to consequences that would have negative impact on the individual if not on the whole society (Polat 2005). The use of internet has created international havoc as countries around the world cope to develop laws that will licence geographical regulation of a borderless medium. The internet is thought to offer unlimited free speech which can be detrimental and in most cases when the free speech is abused by politicians, the effects a re adverse.Censorship is nevertheless increasing as countries develop tools for limiting content that is available to its citizens Another terminus ad quem on the impact created by the internet on the citizen in participating to the political system is the struggle needed to obtain the information from the internet. It requires an initiative by the user to access it. Most information from the internet will mean that the user has to subscribe for it. There are other attractive websites which are social sites that would easily distract the user from obtaining the required political information (Davis 1999). Impact of internet on social systemIt is a matter of fact that easy access to the internet, which includes the availability of personal computers with rather cheap prices, introduction of rather reliable internet services and establishment of internet cafes has changed the nature of peoples connection to each other in their social field. Physical proximity is no longer an prerequ isite in communicating to one another face to face. This has made it easy for rapid connections across long distances and people are now in a position to write electronic mails that are genic realisticly immediately throughout the globe (Eskicumali 2010).Eskicumali (2010, p. 1) argues that many aspects of the lives of people, especially the young people have been changed by the internet. The basic nature of their relationships with one another has been greatly influenced by the internet. This is due to the reason that there has been a global diffusion of information and communication technologies that has expanded the domain of absent presence which in turn has resulted to an erosion of face to face community centred relationships. The internet has created new type of social relations and virtual communities that has not been formed ever since.Theses virtual communities are social network of individuals who interact through ad hoc media, and potentially crossing geographical and political boundaries, so as to pursue mutual goals and interests. The internet has also impacted the social system in form of communication. There is diversity in the internet-mediated communication which is displayed in different sectors such as politics, art, family, and mass media among others. It has become the bearer of different kinds of communication. This is due to several features of internets technical and textual structure which has promised to have a crucial impact on communication.According to Fushs (2008, p. 2) internet is here to stay, it has changed the life of many of us and transformed the lives of our society. It is ubiquitous in everyday life, and it is here that we search for information, plan trips, read newspapers and articles, communicate with each other by chatting, using emails, video conferencing, heed to music and radio, watch videos and other activities. It is in the internet that we have learnt to know other people, develop refer relationships maintain contact with one another, access government sites, share ideas and create knowledge together with others.Disadvantages of Internet Use on the Social System It is evident that from the roles that internet play, computerized network technologies change all areas of society. It poses challenges and opportunities in a networked globalizing world. One of the great disadvantage that internet has on the social is that no one can claim ownership of the internet. As such any body can post anything which has made it the dental plate of political propaganda, racism, pornography and other controversial and illegal material. Internet has brought with it internet crime.These crimes include the interception of the details of customers acknowledgment cards and online transactions, hacking into personal, private files with criminal intent, fraudulent web sites taking credit card details from the customers, and the cattle ranch of viruses through the internet. This has made it necessary for steps to be undertaken so as to reassure the general public that the internet is safe. The methods might reduce majority of the cyber crimes, but they do little to net down the risk, that people find themselves in when using internet (Fushs 2008). ConclusionWith scores of people all over the world resulting to the use of internet to carry out various roles and responsibilities, the impact on the political and social system has been amplified. The social network service providers have increased their subscribers, which have provided information that has impacted the social system. Internet has thus enabled people to participate more, on global and national politics since they have been empowered by the easy availability of information. Networking has improved and this has initiated an embrace of diversity in race, religion, and culture.

Family Effects on Criminal Behavior Essay Example for Free

Family Effects on Criminal Behavior EssayIt is r ar for a person to see someone, who conform tos from a good family per say, to get into criminal behavior but it does happen. These volume are brought up in this world with superior standards and at some point they exclusively cant take it. Theyre brought up with high lodgeations on them so when they cant be met they occur a path to cope. They turn to things, such as drug abuse, to make it through their situations. Others are just anti-social so they dont get along another way out but to turn to something that bequeath accept them.Family has a major effect on what theyll do. If they expect them how they are flaws and all theyre more identically to stay away from criminal behavior. scarce if they expect nothing but perfection and wherefore are shunned on for not meeting those standards, they find a way to cope. They turn to things that you wouldnt expect them to do. Theyre brought up to high expectations. Then theres p eople who arent brought up in a good family and dont turn to the criminal behavior.These people are doing it for themselves. They saw what it was like to come from a poor family and dont want to be that way the liberalisation of their lives. They know what its like to live without the things they need and they want better for their future. They arent held to meet high expectations so any type of accomplishment they met is highly looked upon. But then there is the person who was brought up in a good family and isnt looked upon as doing something so amazing. They just break at some point.But the ones who dont come from a good family are given praise. People that come from a good family have more pressure on them to be a better person. They have high family values to meet. In Agnews Sources of Strain and Their Consequences it states one of the sources of strain is failure to achieve goals and one of the disconfirming affective states could be anger or frustration. So then they turn t o drug abuse or violence. But in some cases its not the family who has the effect on them.Because in the social cultivation theory it states that, people act aggressively because, as children, they modeled after the violent acts of adults. So when people are brought up in this world with those role models they try to be just like them. So a persons acts arent only affected by their family. But their family does have a great deal on how theyll be in the future. Though it is more likely for people that come from a disadvantaged family to turn to crime, there are always exceptions to everything.People can come from a good family and still turn to crime. They find a way to be individual, to stand out from the rest of the family. They want to have their own individuality and be paid attention to and if crime is the only way they are seen, the crime is what they will turn to. As for people who come from a poor family they may want to be able to give back to their family what they couldn t be given. They strive to be polar and stand out from the rest of their family. They too are looking for individuality.

Analysis of Characters of Chaucer and Austen Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Characters of Chaucer and Austen EssayIn contrast, during the Hanoverian period during which Austen lived, family was found on the material possessions of an individual (or their future inheritance), family connections, and marriage. Chaucer outlines his eon period done his characters the church building body through the Friar, and the working class through the Plowman. Likewise, Austen uses her protagonist, Mrs. Bennet, to mock how people of her give social class behaved during her era. Chaucer uses the Friar to bear witness the immoral nature of the church during his time. One of the groups of people that Chaucer satirizes is the clergy. Amongst them, he attacks the character of the Friar as get down and dishonorable. Historical evidence shows that friars were more often than not very corrupt and schemed to obtain worldly goods such as specie. Many friars came under wider criticism for worldliness and immorality ( christianity). They acted as if they had n o money, but were in actuality living a fairly luxurious life. Chaucer compares the coat of Hubert, the Friar, to that of a lord or like a pope.Of double worsted was his semi-cope (Chaucer 8). Hubert was also rounded like a bell, indicating that he had enough forage to eat, and did not necessarily have to beg for sustenance (8). Once at the house of a gritty man, the Friar asks for food. Now, dame, said he then, je vous dis, sans doute, Had I of a fat capon but the liver, And of your soft white peag naught but a sliver, And after that a pigs head well roasted (Save that I would no beast for me were dead), Then had I with you plain sufficiency. I am a man of little gluttony.My odour has its nourishment in the Bible. (313) This statement by the Friar epitomizes the relationship of the common people to those of the church at this time while pretending to not have or need a lot, the clergy ordain steal from the lower class. The Friar uses his position in the church to get money (Th e Frior). The middle class however, does not mistrust the church body as shown by the Plowman. In contrast to the corrupt church, Chaucer demonstrates the honesty and piety of the middle class through the Plowman during the Post-Classical period*.Even though the church was trying to make pure money and goods from his class, the Plowman paid his taxes, fully, fairly, well, / Both by his own toil and by stuff hed sell, meaning that he trusted the church and was honest (Chaucer 15). Chaucer here negates the commonly held wisdom of the peasants supposed hatred of the church (FREE study). Chaucer writes that the Plowman was a good Christian follower as he uses the two greatest commandments to describe the Plowman He loved immortal most, and that with his whole heart/ / And next, his neighbor, even as himself (Chaucer 15).The Plowman also lived in peace and perfect kind-heartedness, another allusion to the teachings of Jesus Christ as written in the Bible. Another example of his pio usness is shown when Chaucer writes that hed cast away and dig, with never vista of pelf, / For Christs own sake, for every poor wight, / All without pay, if it lay in his might (15). The fact that the Plowman did not think of pelf, or money gained in a dishonest way, shows how he was not materialistic like the clergy.Chaucer also states that the Plowman would work (without thinking of gaining money) for the sakes of Jesus Christ and those poor, and less fortunate without receiving money. Although people of this period could live while not thinking about money for the sake of charity, money was one of the main focuses for people, especially women, in Jane Austens time. Austen demonstrates through her character, Mrs. Bennet, the narrow-mindedness of women of this era. Jane Austen was born(p) into a family of the landed gentry a social rank consisting of landowners who did not have to work, and could live altogether discharge the rent income.Austens novel, Pride and Prejudice, wa s written about those in this social class, and their interaction with others in society. Mrs. Bennet directly personifies the women of her time as she had five daughters, and finding them husbands was the business of her life (Reef 88). Marriage was the only time-honored provision for well-educated young women of small fortune (Austen 106). As Mrs. Bennet was very much diligent with seeing her daughters married, she seemed incapable of fatigue while enumerating the advantages of the match (124).This match refers to her eldest daughter possibly getting married to a man who has recently rented a house near Mrs. Bennets own and was so rich (124). From todays standpoint, this point of view and way of living seems very materialistic, it is actually a very practical way to think for this time period. As property at this time was only passed down to priapic heirs, it is very understandable that Mrs. Bennet was so focused on marrying her daughters off to rich men because she and her husband (Mr. Bennet) had five daughters and no sons.This meant that the family property and money would go to a male cousin once Mr. Bennet died, and the females of the family would be turned out onto the streets. Another example of the time beingness reflected by Mrs. Bennet is the fact that she took her daughters to balls. Balls were common social events and a place where many women went for entertainment and in hope that they might find a husband. Because they learned from their mother, Mrs. Bennets daughters talked of nothing but soldiers and balls (Reef 90). frequent culture was also reflected through Austens character. Both Austens character (Mrs. Bennet) and Chaucers characters (the Friar, Hubert, and the Plowman) use traits of how divergent people acted in different times to show an in-depth picture of society at that time. It is through piece that readers and historians alike can catch a glimpse of what the social order looked like at the time. This thought provokes the following question Which author(s) will the future generations read and what will they tell us about our society?

Personal statement for MSA Essay Example for Free

Personal statement for MSA EssayIf to use a single word describing myself, I would say, integrity, which means a mixture of various qualities and views from contrary cultures and naturalizeing experiences. My hometown, **, which was a harbor and now the sound coastal metropolis, brought me a grant view of how fast the speed of globalization is. Meanwhile, the dramatic economic reaping of the city enlightened me for seeking and digging qualities that would match its future. As a result, I went to the other hemisphere of the world, United States, which was described as the most developed country, to ursue my Bachelors degree in business finance. Through the triumphal college life with diligent study in coursework and a verity of academic club taking, on a sunny day, Aug 28th, 2011, I obtained my Bachelors degree from Ohio State University with Magna Cum Laude. Moreover, my 3. 86 specialization GPA makes me a matched individual among my schoolmates. Seeking a Job is not a fun thing, especially for a new-fashioned graduate and in the economic downturn, though, I still keep myself with the optimistic attitude and luxuriant trustingness in this whole process.Before my early official Job was offered, I gathered a erious of experiences from different positions work as a part-time tax processor in a credited accounting system firm, ***as a par-time bookkeeper in an entertainment company, Prime Social Group and, even work as a sales associate in the subsidy of Gap, Inc, Old Navvy. These experiences, which supposed not decent enough for an honor graduate, told me how hard life could be, and made me more perseverant.After scatted out hundreds of my resume, and Joined tens something interview, I got my first official Job offer monetary analyst in ***, a healthcare financial consulting firm. My heel peers introduced me with some models and methodologies the company uses for a number of hospitals and nursing homes. Though some of the abridgment sounds hard at the first glance, I still believe my personal qualities and skills, for example, I am a profound brain that is knowledgeable of computer language Access SQL and Excel, could help me to conquer them.I penetrated myself in calculating and analyzing those mark Performance Indexes and valuation models. After I submitted my first report, though its not perfect, my supervisor, ***, comment this as, Its amazing or a recent graduate with little analysis experiences to create the model and fgure such a big bucks of crucial points out. Besides, even the principle of the team,***, who used to be a professor in ***, appreciated my work ethic. Those words did stimulate me for a while.Experiences in ** extended my view of what consulting firms could help for clients. Consulting are not terminal point in investment finance taking care of stocks and bonds, IPO issuing, etc, more than that, lots of consulting firms are doing analysis on a corporate base, thus, much accounting knowledge involv ed. I also remember Andrew utter to me wou d be essential tor getting a senior level position in financial consulting firm, and, a Master of Accounting would be a plus.

Ethics and Social Responsibilities of Business Essay Example for Free

ethical motive and loving Responsibilities of barter EssayThe emergence of aid as a distinct and identifiable activity in the modern era has had an important jar on the orderliness with which it developed (Massie 1995). Till the early days of the twentieth century, faces were predominantly concerned with their several(prenominal) profit-maximizing activities. However, this singular intention of profit maximization of profession farms was protested by the loving activists during the later half(a) of the 20th century.They pointed out that, since the organizations drive their moving in from the society, the former must possess some obligations towards the interests and welfare of the later. The judg ment of demarcation ethics and corporal responsibility gained bulky importance after the publication of Bowens brotherly Responsibilities of Businessman in the year 1953. Bowen opines that seam corporations should have certain responsibilities towards the society in wh ich it ope regularises. Often business ethics and its societal responsibilities are regarded as their science of conduct (McNamara). Ethics is the study of morality and standards of conducts (Fred and Richard, 480). The boundary ethics is, in gener all in ally, used to refer to the rules and principles that define right and wrong conduct. The study of ethics is of immense importance in international oversight because honest behavior in a particular arena whitethorn be looked as an un ethical practice in other countries. good behavior of business has become an important aspect in todays corporate environment.Even in the united States, trading s privydals, bribes etc. have gained considerable media exposures and have aroused public concern regarding ethical practices in international business care. incorporated business ethics is primarily concerned with honesty, truth and justice and should consider several aspects like the expectations of society, fair competition, public relations, consumer autonomy, social responsibilities, adherence to the rules in the operating country, and so on. An organization should be always responsible in creating an environment that fosters ethical decision-making.Corporate social responsibility is earnestly considering the impact of the comp boths actions on society. In the views of Andrews, social responsibility means the intelligent and aim concern for the welfare of society that restrains individuals and corporate behavior from ultimately destructive activities, no matter how straight profitable and signifies the positive contribution to human betterment. tender responsibility contends that the business organizations are responsible to all the interest groups with which it interacts. All the interests groups such as employees, customers, suppliers, government and society should be given importance twin to that of the shareholders of the watch overive companies.Thus, ethical and social responsibilities signifies t hat the management should pay attention to the welfare of the workers, consumers needs and safety, the interests and rights of creditors, governments rules, regulations and policies, and the obligations of the organization towards society as a whole. Thus, in other words, Corporate social responsibility indicates the managements commitment towards upholding the interests of direct stakeholders and to behave in an economically and environmentally responsible manner (Davis and Robert, 1975).Ethical and Social state of Corporate OrganizationsCorporate organizations which are concerned about business ethics and corporate social responsibility need to identify various interest groups which may influence the functioning of a firm and which, in turn, may be affected by the firms decisions. In fact, business enterprises are primarily responsible for the well being of six major interest groups which are discussed hereinafter one by oneProtecting Shareholders InterestsThe most important res ponsibility of business organizations is to protect the interests of its shareholders. The shareholders fork up the core resource the capital that enables an organization to operate and grow. They expect the management to use the capital judiciously and operate the business in an efficient way that would ensure a healthy return on their investment, both by dint of dividends and through increase in stock value. Shareholders should be provided with adequate and timely schooling about the functioning of the organization.Protecting Employees InterestsEmployees are the biggest assets of the organizations. In the early days, managers regarded employees merely as one of the factors of fruit and denied them the right to obtain an equal distribution of income. But, with the passage of time, the situation has changed in a considerable way.Now, it is abruptly mandatory for the management to protect its employees interests. Government laws and regulations have now define the responsibili ties of the employer ensuring equal employment rights for men and women, offering timely pensions and other retirement benefits, and providing and maintaining a secure and healthy working environment. To protect the interests of employees, management mustTreat the employees as the introductory pillars of the organization.Develop administrative processes that promote cooperation between employers and employees.Foster a harmonious work atmosphere by adopting a progressive labor policy. This includes allowing the participation of workers in management, creating a sense of involvement, and change the working conditions and living standards of workers.Provide fair wages (not merely the one goaded by the market forces of demand and supply) and other financial benefits to workers to keep them motivated.Fair selection, training and promotion base on quality and merit without any discrimination on the grounds of sex, race, religion, physical appearance and so on.Protecting Customers In terestsIn the recent times, great attention is delivered to the customers. In the age of cut-throat competition, business firms have rightly begun to realize the importance of maintaining a healthy relationship with the consumers. The growth and development of consumerism has compelled the organizations to become more certain of their duties and responsibilities towards the customers. The most successful businesses put the customer first, instead of the investors (Mackey). Business firms should fulfill their obligations to their customers byCharging reasonable prices for their products.Ensuring the readiness of standardized and quality goods and services.Ensuring the easy availability of goods and services, so that customers do not have to spend also a great bundle time and energy in procuring them.Abstaining from unethical practices like hoarding, profiteering or creating artificial scarcity, misleading ad and so on.Refraining from deceiving customers by making false or misl eading claims.Protecting Creditors and Suppliers InterestsAll the inputs productions are provided by the creditors and suppliers in the form of raw materials and capital. Hence, the management must take proper care in fulfilling its obligations towards the former. This can be done byCreating a long-term and healthy business relationship with them.Making prompt payments to creditors and suppliers.Providing them with accurate, relevant and needed information.Protecting lodges InterestOrganizations function within a social system and draw their resources from this system. Therefore, they have certain obligations towards society. The management of business organizations can fulfill their obligations toward society by preserving and enhancing the well-being of the members of society. Management can do so in the following waysUsing its practiced expertise to solve local problems.Setting socially desirable standards of living and avoiding unnecessary and barbarianful expenditure. playa cting an important role in civic affairs. Helping the society in events of national calamity, famine, war, and so on.Providing basic amenities, healthcare and education facilities, thus creating better living conditions.Establishing development programmers for the benefit of economically weaker sections ofthe society.Protecting Governments InterestsIn any country, the Government provides the basic requirements for the survival and growth of business organizations. Most of the rules and policies which the government imposes are generally in the favor of the businesses. Hence, the business, in turn, must have certain obligations to the businessBe law-abiding respect the rules, procedures and policies of the governmentPay all taxes and other dues fully, timely and honestly. non bribe government employees and officials to obtain favors for the company.Not try to use political influence in its favor for own interests.Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethics and Corporate Social Responsib ilityIn the modern era, the expectations of the consumers and the society have immensely changed and, resultantly, modern corporations have become much aware of their ethical and social responsiveness. However, opinions vary from scholars to scholars as to whether business should possess much, at least any, ethical and social responsibilities.DisadvantagesThe motive of any business is to maximize its profit. However, much ethical values and social responsibilities may act against this objective.Any investment (or loss) incurred by the business as a result of good social or ethical behavior are adjusted by increasing the selling of its products. Hence, the motive would be socially less desirable than in the days before when business were concerned with social responsibilities (Friedman 1970).Business derives immense power through its social involvements and ethical behavior. This power is generally derived from the government or through other political means. This increment in power can lead to corruption and even conflicts with customers, governments and the society as a whole in the subsequent times.Generally, business people lack the required skills to deal with the problems outside the organization. Social responsibility can be an excess burden of duty to them.AdvantagesSocial involvements and self-colored ethical behavior boost up the image of the business corporations in the eye of the customers. Being socially responsive, business can increase the number of its loyal customers. A favorable public image helps the business to attract more employees, customers and investors.By being socially responsible, business organizations can easily avoid the attention of regulatory agencies and earn governments trust resulting in increasing flexibility and independence in their mode of operations.Businesses can increase conservation of natural resources by being socially responsible. For example, Items that were considered as waste before (like empty soft drink cans and plastic bottles) can be recycled and profitably used again.Society and business are equally benefited if a symbiotic relationship exists between the two. Instead of allowing high rate of unemployment leading to social crisis (which may ruin business operations in subsequent periods), businesses can sooner be the source of employment in the economy for qualified and eligible people.ConclusionIt is beyond any iota of doubt that every civil citizen must possess some moral or ethical values and responsibilities for the society in which he lives. Business organizations, considered as artificial people, therefore, should have the aforesaid(prenominal) values incorporated in it. Obviously, there are certain principles which is directed against this conclusion, but it is a of import truth that business corporations must behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and s ociety at large (Holme and Watts).ReferencesBowen, H.R. (1953), Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, Harper Row,New York, NYCorporate Social Responsibility Evolution of a Definitional lay down Carroll Business Society.1999, pp. 268-295Davis, K. and Robert, L. B. Business and Society, Environment and Responsibility, RevisedEdition, Tata McGraw Hill Book Company Inc. New York, 1975Friedman, M. The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profit, New YorkTimes Magazine, 13 September, 1970Kuhn, J.W. Issues and Analysis, Values in a Business Society, Harcourt set Jonanovich,New York, 1968Holme, L and Watts, R. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development,MakingGood Business Sense http//www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles/definition.htmlJoseph, L. M. Ethical and environmental Foundations, Essentials of Management, FourthEdition, Thirteenth Indian Reprint, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1995Mackey, J. (adapted from) Rethinking the Social Responsibilities o f Business, October 2005 http//www.reason.com/news/show/32239.htmlMcNamara, C. Complete Guide to Ethics Management An Ethics Toolkit for Managershttp//www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htmRichard, M.H. and Fred, L. Ethics and Social Responsibilities, International Management,Third Edition, McGraw Hill International Editions, 1997Stehi, S.P, Dimensions of Corporate Social Performance, An analytical Framework,California Management Review, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1975, p. 58 64The International Seminar on Social Responsibilities of Business (as quoted by Mukharji,P.B. Social Responsibilities of Business, p. 9