Sucker Rod Pumping System Engineering Essay

cross Rod watching System Engineering Essay faux sustain allows healthys to be p magnetic poleuced that argon non- flux. Generally this is achieved by a mechanical device privileged the well, such as center change magnitude the heaviness of the liquid/ tout mixture via high twitch bollocks or improving the breeding efficiency of the well. In the return suck ( electron tube) that is usually set without a p magnetic pole celluction packer, a pump place below the dynamic liquified directling the well run ups the flagrant up to the show up. This aught input allows the suave to continue on its way and relieves the move over geographical zone of all or part of the back pressure downriver from the pump. grade Rod Pumping is the nigh common system of artificial lift (85%), with triggerman lift second (10%), and then galvanizing submersible and hydraulic pumping active equal (2%) in usage. Sucker perch pump determinations a vertical positive-displacement pump c onsisting of a cylinder and a hollow plunger with a valve i.e. it works by creating a reciprocating movement in a bulls eye rod string that connects to the downhole pump assembly. It is locomote into the tubing screwed onto the oddment of a rod string. The system is actuated from the surface by a labour that drive a walking light dick or a hydraulic elevator.IntroductionSucker Rod Pumps, overly called Donkey pumps or beam pumps, are the roughly common artificial-lift system apply in land-based operations. travel drives a reciprocating beam, connected to a polished rod passing into the tubing via a stuffing box. The visage rod continues down to the oil level and is connected to a plunger with a valve.On each upward gash, the plunger lifts a volume of oil up and through the well discharge. On the downward stroke it sinks (it should sink, not be commoveed) with oil watercourseing though the valve. The push back speed and torque is controlled for efficiency and minimal fall apart with a Pump off Controller (PoC). Use is limited to change reservoirs down to a few hundred meters, and flows up to about 40 litres (10 gal) per stroke.Technical compass pointsArtificial lift allows rise to be produced that are non-flowing. Generally this is achieved by a mechanical device interior the well, such as pump decreasing the weight of the liquid/gas mixture via high pressure gas or improving the lift efficiency of the well. Artificial lift consists of two main processes robotlike lifting by pumps.Lessening the runny density by mixing with gas injected in the part of the action string ,or gas liftIn the production string (tubing) that is usually set without a production packer, a pump placed below the dynamic fluid levelling the well lifts the crude up to the surface. This energy input allows the fluid to continue on its way and relieves the pay zone of all or part of the back pressure downstream from the pump. The two most common pumping methods in the world areSucker rod pumpingCentrifugal pumpingSucker Rod PumpingIt is the most common method of artificial lift (85%) with gas lift second (10%), and then galvanising submersible and hydraulic pumping about equal (2%) in usage. Sucker rod pump lend oneselfs a vertical positive-displacement pump consisting of a cylinder and a hollow plunger with a valve i.e. it works by creating a reciprocating motion in a sucker rod string that connects to the downhole pump assembly. .It is run into the tubing screwed onto the end of a rod string. The system is actuated from the surface by a locomote that drive a walking beam or a hydraulic elevator.ComponentsEvery part of the pump is eventful for its correct operation. The most normally used move are describe belowBarrel The jamrel is a large cylinder which throw out be from 10 to 36 feet long and a diameter from 1.25 to 3.75inches (95mm). by and by using several materials for its construction, the API (American Petroleum Institute) standar dized the use of 2 materials or compositions for this part which are carbon steel and brass, both with an inside culture of chrome. The advantage of brass against carbon steel, weather is a more squeezable material, is its 100% resistance to corrosion.Piston This is a nickel-metal sprayed steel cylinder that goes inside the barrel. Its main purpose is to create a sucking effect that lift the fluids beneath it and then, with the help of the valves, take those fluids above it and, progressively, out of the well. It achieves this with a joint cross up and own movement.Valves The valve has two components the seat and the hunk which create a complete seal when closed. After trying several materials, the most commonly used seats are made of carbon nitride and the ball is oft made of silicon nitride. In the past, balls of contract, ceramic and titanium were used. This last typecast of balls, made of titanium, is still being used but only where crude oil is extremely dense and/or t he quantity of fluids is too practically. The most common configuration of a rod pump requires two valves, called the traveling valve and fixed or static valve.Piston Rod Its a rod that connects the piston with the outside of the pump. Its main purpose is to transfer the engine produced by the Nodding Donkey above in an up/down reciprocal movement.Fitting The rest of the parts of the pump is called fitting and is, basically, small pieces intentional to keep everything hold together in the right place. Most of these parts are designed to let the fluids pass uninterrupted.Filter The job of the filter, as guessed, is to stop big parts of rock, rubber or any opposite garbage that might be loose in the well from divergence into the pump. There are several types of filters, being a common iron cylinder with enough holes in it to permit the entrance of the amount of fluid the pump needs the most commonly used.Explanation Of How It Works/ Is use reckon A Components of Sucker Rod PumpA motor and gearbox supply power to turn the power shaft. There is a proceedsweight at the end of the crank. A pitman arm is link to the crank and it moves upward when the crank moves counterclockwise. The Samson arms support the walking beam. The walking beam pivots and lowers or raises the plunger. The rod attaches the plunger to the horsehead. The horsehead (not stiffly attached) allows the joint (where rod is attached) to move in a vertical lead instead of following an arc. Every cadence the plunger rises, oil is manage out through a spout. The pump consits of a four bar gene linkage is comprised of the crank, the pitman arm, the walking beam, and the ground.Figure B Operational Detail of Sucker Rod PumpHere the plunger is shown at its net position. The pitman arm and the crank are in-line. The maximum pumping angle, denoted as theta in the calculations, is shown. L is the stroke length. After one stroke, the plunger moves upward by one stroke length and the walking beam p ivots. The crank also rotates counter clockwise. At the end of the upstroke the pitman arm, the crank, and the walking beam are in-line.For name and location of parts, see Figure AA motor supplies power to a gear box. A gearbox reduces the angular amphetamine and appends the torque relative to this input.As shown in Figure B, (the crank turns counter clockwise) and lifts the counterweight. Since the crank is connected to the walking beam via the pitman arm, the beam pivots and submerges the plunger. Figure B also shows the horsehead at its lowest position. This marks the end of the down stroke. Note that the crank and the pitman arm are in-line at this position.The upstroke raises the horsehead and the plunger, along with the fluid being pumped. The upstroke begins at the point shown in Figure B. At the end of the upstroke, all joints are in-line. This geometric diffidence determines the length of the pitman arm.Figures C (a) and C (b) show the plunger and ball valves in more det ail. These valves are opened by fluid flow alone.During the plungers upstroke the plunger valve or riding valve is closed. The column of liquid corresponding to the stroke leave be lifted up to the surface while, relieved of the weight of the fluid, the pressure of the pay zone can then open the sink in valve or standing valve, thereby allowing the pump barrel to get together up with effluent.During the down stroke the valve of the hollow plunger opens and the standing valve closes, thereby preventing the fluid from returning into the pay zone and allowing the plunger to return freely to its initial point at the base of pump barrel.The pump is single playing and its theoretical output is equal to the volume generated by the plungers stroke and cross-section(prenominal) multiplied by the pumping rate, i.e. in a homogenous systemQ=S*N*AWhere,Q=Flow rate. S=Stroke.N=Number of strokes per time unit. A=Area of the plunger.In practice following parameters are also involvedAn efficien cy factorA coefficient depending on the units that are useFigure C(a)TABLE OF VARIABLES THAT AFFECT SUCKER RODSTRING AND PUMPING unit LOADINGPolished rod loadPumping speedPump conniption or depthPhysical characteristics of the rod stringDynamic characteristics of the rod stringPlunger diameter of the pumpSpecific gravityPump intake pressurePolished rod acceleration patternMechanical frictionFluid frictionPump submergenceCompressibility or gas interferencePumping unit inertiaPumping unit geometryCounterbalance crookedness characteristics of prime moverFlow line pressureInnovativeness and Usefulness whatever liquid-producing reservoir get out have a reservoir pressure just about level of energy or voltage that will force fluid (liquid and/or gas) to areas of lower energy or potential. You can think of this much like the water pressure in your municipal water system. As soon as the pressure inside a production well is decreased below the reservoir pressure, the reservoir will act to fill the well back up, just like opening a valve on your water system. Depending on the depth of the reservoir (deeper results in higher pressure requirement) and density of the fluid (heavier mixture results in higher requirement), the reservoir whitethorn or may not have enough potential to push the fluid to the surface.Most oil production reservoirs have sufficient potential to produce oil and gas which are light naturally in the early phases of production. Eventually, as water which is heavier than oil and much heavier than gas encroaches into production and reservoir pressure decreases as the reservoir depletes, all wells will stop flowing naturally. At some point, most well operators will implement an artificial lift plan to continue and/or to increase production.In relative to US data sucker rod pumping is the most common method (85%) with gas lift second (10%), and then the electrical submersible and the hydraulic pumping about equal (2%) in usage. Plunger lift and se veral variations of all these processes are in limited use. The prominence of sucker rod pumping is due, in part, to the large number of shallow, low productivity wells in the Midwestern and western United States. Mainly sucker rod pumps are used for onshore areas.Sucker rod pumps are used primarily to draw oil from underground reservoirs. The mechanisms it employs however are put in a wide variety of machines. The four bar linkage can be found on door dampers, on car engines, and on devices such as the lazy tong. The Sterling engines also use a linkage similar to the one used by the pump. flow rate Status of DevelopmentEvery project requires an in depth try of the topic. Being in the starting phase of our project, currently we are going through as many books, journals and online material as we can. Collecting as much data as we can, we plan to go through an capacious study of sucker-rod pumps and artificial gas drive techniques, principles etc.Having a general knowledge of suc ker-rod pumps is our first objective, after which we will think of ways in which we can apply practically.Current sources being referred