European History

PARIS ARCHITECTURE OF SPECTACLEThe computer computer architecture of spectacle that emerged in bully of France sooner 1900 was the product of several converging trends , including the rise of consumer capitalism , France s importance as an imperial power , and changes in capital of France genius both of itself and of what a metropolis should be . The resulting architecture attested to the bleak face of urban modernity and helped punctuate France s frugal and military standing among Europe s major powersParis radical architecture was , in part , a product of efforts to destination urban problems . In the middle and late nineteenth one C , European and American cities had reached a sort of crisis point , caused by rapid industrialization and a large influx of verdant dwellers and the strange seeking work . Ma ny cities suffered from overcrowding , poor sanitation , great(prenominal) crime , and isolation from people of higher social classes . Jacob Riis How the disparate Half Lives was a shocking document of New York s slums , and capital of the United Kingdom s East End was a disreputable example of a dysfunctional urban center . obtusely herd with forty share of its inhabitants in poverty , it served for some observers that cities themselves were inherently evil and should be fled for the country Author bastard London considered reformers efforts wasted , omit for the Barnardo Homes , where London s slum children were take from their pestilential surround and [given] a healthy , wholesome environment in which to be touch and prodded and moulded into men Others , such as British urban contriver Ebenezer Howard , tried to fuse reputation (which many considered a panacea for urban problems ) and urban active by promoting the garden city concept , in which saucy towns were planned well beyond city centers ! , surrounded by farmland and featuring abundant gift spaces and lushly-planted landscapesIn Paris , whose population was crowded into unattractive mental synthesiss on fasten , narrow streets that followed rude patterns , the solution was not to abandon the city , but to retread it into something both more pleasing and practicable . Starting in 1852 , Baron Haussmann s massive program of reconstruct Paris began (supposedly to fix more easily defensible streets , in the wake of 1848 s ascent , surrogate narrow winding lanes with straight off , liberal boulevards and leveling much of the city s old architecture and replacing it with new apartment houses commercial expressions , and public structures . The new broad streets attracted pedestrian traffic of a different sympathetic , in particular the emerging bourgeoisie who rose with the new economic , for whom a more dignified kind of architecture appeared , curiously retail spaces . By the 1890s , these begun to se rve the needs of a growing class of consumers in an increasingly prosperous and powerful FranceParis architecture of spectacle was part of a greater trend toward building large , monumental public and commercial buildings that attested to westerly Europe s increasingly strong capitalist economies and expanding empires . In Britain , whose industrial economy had boomed earlier than France s , economic and political power helped testify in an age of architectural modernity , characterized by astounding structures like the Crystal Palace , built for London s Great...If you stick out to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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