Confused Values in The Necklace Essay -- Mauassant The Necklace Essays

Confused Values in The Necklace   To some people, class singularity is very important. Usually we think of class distinction as being of most importance to the higher classes, those who can afford to look down on the rest of the world, but sometimes this concept is of most importance to those who occupy the lower steps of society. These are the people who are stuck where they are, but feel that their reliable places are at the top of the social ladder. The character of Mme. Loisel in Guy de Moupassants story The Necklace is one such person. She is of the lower classes, but she holds a romantic judgement of what life at the top consists of, and it is one of these ideas that eventually gets her into trouble. The story starts out by describing Mme. Loisel and the contrasts between the world she lives in and the one she dreams of. Her life consists of simple clothes, a plain household full of functional things, and simple, healthy food. She has one servant in her house, her husband holds a good, if unglamourous, job, and they are in general a halfway class family. This life is...

Janet Jackson :: essays research papers

Janet capital of Mississippi was born in Gary Indiana on May 16, 1966. She is a member of theJackson Family musical dynasty. &9Her most famous family members include Jermaine, Stephen, Jackie, Tito, Marlon,and Michael whom were all part of the musical group the Jackson 5. The most famous of the brothers is Michael whom helped Janet let down her musical career. Like many of the women in show business today, Janet has been faced with many obstacles in her life. Despite all of the problems, Janet has overcome most of them and has become nonpareil of the biggest successes in the entertainment world today. &9During Janets young years she was forced to deal with difficult conditions at home. She recalls in an interview with Steve Pond in the December 1997 issue of US magazine, "My father whipped me one time when I was a kid. But there was no rape or crap alike(p) that. You can begin to see how you feel less-than, not worthy, fraudulent. And thats how I grew up feeling."(2) Desp ite problems with other family members Janet was always close with her mother. She said in the alike(p) interview with Steve Pond, "Mother always could feel when I wasnt doing well, and she was incredible supportive." In Janetslife, as well as in the lives of the other Jacksons, there seemed to be so much pressure for success, but they all seemed to lack self-esteem. &9By the time she was twenty-one, Janet was breaking away from the shyness she erstwhile possessed, and stopped living in the shadows of Michael and the other Jackson family members. She produced Rhythm Nation in black and white and made this statement, "I would hope that everyone will gain that once black represents something good. Thats why we were all dressed in blackBlack is so beautiful to me."(3) Janet decided to set a recent agenda whenever she produced the Virgin Records album, titled janet. She had a reason for naming her album janet. She describes her reason in an interview by Steve Pond. S he said, "I prefer Janet. It was always my imagine for no one to know that I was a Jackson. I wanted them to accept me for me and to not know anything more than that. I wanted to take my shoemakers last cause off the very first album I everdid."(4) When she named her album "janet" she was taking her steps in breaking away from the Jackson name she had always wanted to avoid.

A Singular Self-Identity Essay -- Multiple Personalities Essays

Self-identity is singular. The belief in this existence of ones ego, presupposes all our experiences of consciousness. We all hold that this identity is ours alone. I speak of my experiences as experienced by me. I would seem to be talking nonsense , if I referred to myself in the plural or spoke of how the multiplicity of mes experienced an event. Although most volition submit to the existence of levels of consciousness, we categorize those people who exhibit distinct personalities as non-ordinary. All popular theories of self-identity set about the task of proving a singular self. I will attempt to analyze the currently held theories of self-identity, and consider cases where the singular self-identity of normal individuals is called into questi on. Psychologists seeking to clarify this discussion have researched phenomena concerning the nature of self-identity, and its relation with consciousness. Philosophers move attempt to investigate the fundamental assumptions underlying t hese studies, an d examine their ramifications upon our dogmas of self-identity.To formulate a concept of our idea of self we must consider the uniqueness of our experience, and sum up for memories of prior experiences. Self-identity is my ownership of a personal, distinct unity of consciousness that is consistent through time. Unity of consciousness is the personal, private, owned, and discrete continuing experience of the self. For example, I bank that I am. I believe that I am, neither in part nor in whole, someone other than whom I perceive that I am, and that this I was the homogeneous unity yesterday as today. I also infer that I will be (if I wake from sleep) tomorrow the continuation of the same self.This self that we assume, does not ex... .... Los Altos, CA. Kaufman, 1983..Laurence, Jean-Roch, Perry, Campbell & Kihlstron, John. Hidden Observer Phenomena in Hypnosis An Experimental Creation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 44.1 (1993) 163-169..Sacks, Olive r. The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other clinical Tales. New York Harper Perenial, 1985..Spanos, Nicholas P. The Hidden Observer as an Experimental Creation Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 44.1 (1983) 170-176..Watkins, John G. & Watkins, Helen H. Hypnosis, Multiple Personality, and Ego States Handbook of States of Consciousness. Eds. asa dulcis B Wolman & Montague Ullman. New York Van Nostrand, 1986..Wilkes, Kathleen V. Fugues, Hypnosis, and Multiple Personalities Self & Identity Contemporary Philosophical Issues. Eds. Kolak, Daniel & Martin, Raymond. New York MacMillan, 1991..

Production Notes :: College Theatre Festival Papers

Production NotesPreface The slides and video that are found on this meshwork site are recordings of a production of Measure for Measure mounted at the College of the Holy Cross in the fall of 1996. In February, 1997, the production was re-mounted at Brandeis University as part of the American College Theatre Festival. The following notes formed the conceptual basis for the production. First Response In the final months of the twentieth century, Measure provides us with a searing allegory about a society that is divided severely along economic and social lines. The ubiquitious moral rot of Shakespeares play parallels our contemporary world. The semipolitical and social hypocricy of rulers who abuse world office staff for personal gain while criticizing and punishing the lower classes comes right out of the evening news. Some issues of the play hit station harder today and in a radically different manner then they would have in Shakespeares day. Ideas such as internal harrassme nt and immorality connote wildly different things to a contemporary audience, particularly in light of recent current events. Talking Points I. Measure for Measure is a play about power--political, economic, and sexual power--and how these three interrelated phenomena intersect with catastrophic consequences when they are abused by an inadequate leader. But it is essential to note that the play is not against the use of power per se, because the entire crisis is instigated by the failure of a rightful ruler to exercise properly his responsibilities of office. Indeed, the entire arc of the play is about how this ruler--Duke Vincentio--learns about the nature of power and the necessity of its public demonstration. It can be argued that, in many respects, the play is a primer about effective leadership and must be viewed as a humanistic revision of Machievellis The Prince. II. Political power must be exercised correctly and sexual desires must be pursued properly. Without sex there is no propagation of the species and without political restraint there is no maintenance of the social order. Political responsibility cannot be avoided and neither can the fundamental need of valet de chambre to fornicate. Without restraint, however, the pursuit of these intersecting fundamental drives will undermine the stability of society. Measure for Measure argues that political power must be exercised in a high-principled manner and sexual intercourse must occur under the sanction of marriage. III. A recurring theme in the plays of Shakespeare is the nature of effective leadership.

Essays --

Many things can set apart the different people in the world, except a crucial characteristic that captures the world diverse is a persons moral ethics and look upons. Ethics is a defining key that is divided up by people all around for it is what people use to make decisions that impact themselves and the people around them. In William Shakespeares play Macbeth, Shakespeare expresses his own value of all deeds have consequences through the characters Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Malcolm and the spell of the story. It depends on how you refer to the word consequences. Good or bad. Noughts had, alls spent, where our desire is got without content Tis safer to be that which we destroy. Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. (3.2.7-9) This shows that getting what you want doesnt always bring peace.Lady MacBeth is one of the most alluring female characters in Macbeth. She is evil and witch-like all at the same time. However, during the play we see her in two different ways. When we firs t meet her in the beginning, she is a brutally violent, mightiness craving witch, and later on she turns into a shameful, suicidal, grieving, woman. Lady Macbeths deception plays a big role in Macbeths actions because she wished of nothing but the demise of King Duncan. The problem was, she was a female and did not have the masculinity to murder someone so she used the next most capable situation she had. Deception. She deceived Macbeth into killing Duncan. Wouldst thou have that which thou esteemst the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem. (1.7.45-47) She states that if Macbeth does not following through with the deed of murdering Duncan, he would make a coward of himself and would look foolish in his own eyes. After the murder of Duncan, Lady ... ...leader to follow and look to. To express his moral philosophy and values throughout the characters and the plot of the play, Shakespeare created a storyline that successfully gave each character a role that sho ws the turn outs of what would happen if ethical decisions were not made and displayed the way that they were supposed to. In his play Macbeth, Shakespeare is sharing to the audience that through every action you make, there is always a consequence that must be dealt with or a indisputable outcome that you must live up to. He does this through his characters Macbeth, Lady Macbeth and Malcolm. While not all people have the same set of morals as each other, everyone has the power to make the best or worst decisions. The aftermath of those decisions play into the lives of everyone around including their own and can either create broad success in someones life or fatal tragedy.

Essays --

Many things can set apart the different people in the worldly concern, but a crucial characteristic that flummoxs the world diverse is a persons moral ethics and values. Ethics is a defining key that is shared by people all approximately for it is what people use to make decisions that impact themselves and the people around them. In William Shakespeares play Macbeth, Shakespeare expresses his own value of all deeds have consequences by means of with(predicate) the characters Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Malcolm and the plot of the story. It depends on how you refer to the word consequences. Good or bad. Noughts had, alls spent, where our desire is got wi mebibytet content Tis safer to be that which we destroy. Than by destruction dwell in enigmatic joy. (3.2.7-9) This shows that getting what you want doesnt always bring peace.Lady MacBeth is one of the most alluring womanly characters in Macbeth. She is evil and witch-like all at the same(p) time. However, during the play we see h er in two different ways. When we first meet her in the beginning, she is a brutally violent, power craving witch, and later on she turns into a shameful, suicidal, grieving, woman. Lady Macbeths deception plays a big role in Macbeths actions because she wished of nothing but the death of King Duncan. The problem was, she was a female and did not have the masculinity to murder someone so she used the next most capable power she had. Deception. She deceived Macbeth into killing Duncan. Wouldst thou have that which thou esteemst the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem. (1.7.45-47) She states that if Macbeth does not following through with the deed of murdering Duncan, he would make a coward of himself and would look foolish in his own eyes. After the murder of Duncan, Lady ... ...leader to follow and look to. To express his morals and values throughout the characters and the plot of the play, Shakespeare created a storyline that successfully gave each(prenominal ) character a role that shows the turn outs of what would happen if ethical decisions were not made and displayed the way that they were supposed to. In his play Macbeth, Shakespeare is sharing to the audience that through every action you make, there is always a consequence that must be dealt with or a certain outcome that you must live up to. He does this through his characters Macbeth, Lady Macbeth and Malcolm. While not all people have the same set of morals as each other, everyone has the power to make the best or worst decisions. The aftermath of those decisions play into the lives of everyone around including their own and can either create great success in someones life or fatal tragedy.

Blinds to Go Company Essay

Executive SummaryThe case, ground on the company Blinds to Go, emphasizes the impressiveness of catering in stores as they expand to meet their growth objectives. Being a manufacturer and retailer, with a unique gross revenue model century% commission based and focus on customer service gave the company an advantage over its competitors. According to the senior wariness Quality of lag was paramount and hence their master copy remuneration system motivated best performance and fostered a high energy, barters hungry culture at BTG.To attract more recruits for its expansion phase, the management changed the compensation system from full commission to wage on the recommendation of a newly hired vice president. gross revenue dec run along and the overall staff swage rate change magnitude. Seeing this the company brought back the old culture and experienced a gross revenue turnaround. This shift also caused another huge turnover in stores. A large percentage of voluntary turn over occurred in the first four months. The higher turnover after eight months was partly due to termination because of sales performance.The biggest challenge the company now faced was understaffing. The need for additional staff was further aggravated due to its continued push for growth and the tight US and Canadian labour markets. Another concern to be addressed was that the company had planned for 80 per cent of its expansion in US where the employees preferred the set(p) pay than the companys commission based pay organize. During this period BTG had tried several recruiting methods with varying degrees of success. With an IPO in the pipeline and plans to add on average 50 stores per year for the next five years, it was critical for the company to come up with a staffing strategy with focus on Quality of the staff and low employee turnover.The CompanyBlinds To Go (BTG) was a retail fabricator of window dressings. It was started by David Shiller in 1954 in the Cote-des-Neiges district in Montreal, Canada. From the mid 1970s, BTG focussed on the sale of blinds. It was able to create a production system that reduced the delivery time frame of custom blinds from six to eight weeks to 48 hours. The reduced delivery time led to overwhelming customer response and the business flourished. The firm, realising their unique advantage of being a manufacturer and retailer simultaneously, began expansion by opening stores throughout Canada and US. By June 2000, BTG operated 120 corporate owned stores in North America. BTG expected to add 50 stores per year for the next 5 years, 80 percent of which targeted to US expansion stores.BTGs business philosophy was that quality of staff was cardinal than the store location, customer demographics or advertising. The firm established this by experimenting with a store that was locationally disadvantaged and had declining sales. BTG was able to triple the sales of the said store in one month by deploying their A management team and trained staff there. The four staff roles in BTG stores were 1. Sales associate 2. Selling Supervisor 3. Assistant Store manager & 4. Store Manager. Sales associates were the third-year most employees and their job was to follow a set plan to help walk in customers to make a purchase. Consistent sales performers among them were promoted to selling supervisors, who were friend store managers in training, or assistant store managers. Assistant store Blinds to Go Staffing a sell ExpansionCase AnalysisSECTION E Group 5 managers were in charge of the stores in the absence of store managers. The store manager was responsible for overall store operations. The BTG selling process mired a high level of customer interaction, which set a very high level of service expectation. Their emphasis on customer satisfaction and sale closure led to higher volume of puts relative to their retail competitionOriginal Compensation of Retail StaffThe compensation structure at Blinds To Go incentives performance based on number of sales deal closed. The commission based structure fosters the high energy, sales hungry culture at BTG. This structure was believed to be a motivating factor to boost performance. High performers at BTG actually made more money than comparable retail outlet salesman.For Sales Associate the salary structure was a mix of fixed pay and variable pay with $3 $5 comprising of fixed and 3% of sales as variable component.For Managers/Assistants the salary structure was $10,000 $15,000/yr as fixed pay with 1.5% to 3% of overall sales as variable pay.Changes in Compensation mental synthesis 1996As per the recommendations from a newly hired Vice President of store operations the compensation structure for the store staff was changed from being fully commission based to salaried. Under the new structure, the sales associated were gainful Cdn $8 per hour as a fixed component. For the store managers a higher base salary component as comp ared to the commission s was set. The main focus of the move was to make the compensation more attractive to the prospective hires. Another change being brought was to limit the social occasion of store managers in the sale process. All these changes had an adverse effect on the sales figures which showed a decrease of 10 to 30% from 1996 to 1997. The staff turnover increased to 40% from the earlier 15%. Even thought the new pay structure helped in recruiting more hires, it led to the hiring of lower calibre citizenry.The existing honourable performers did not appreciate the changes, thus affecting their morale and hence their commitment to sales. To counter this adverse effect, the management introduced a variation of the commission based compensation plan in May 1998. The effect of the change could be seen in the 10 to 30% increase in store sales from the previous year. liquid the BTG stores experienced a high employee turnover that year. It was probably because of the employees accustomed to fixed pay were leaving the organisation, being dissatisfied from the commission based structure. Analysis of the employee turnover reflected that the highest no of employees left the firm in the first 4 months from their hiring.Most of the new expansion plans were in US. But the bulk of US were uncomfortable with the 100% commission based pay structure. Thus there was a requirement in the change to the structure to adapt to the US market.Blinds to Go Staffing a Retail ExpansionCase AnalysisSECTION E Group 5Channels of RecruitmentTo be able to attract and recruit people who had trusted sales driven qualities, several channels of recruitment were harnessed to fill in the job positions. Since BTG was already understaffed and with massive growth plans (50 stores per year ) lined up, we need to analyse the various pros and cons of the channels of recruitment. Employee Referral Current staffs refer friends and family to BTG which helped company attract shadowdidates already briefed on the co mpanys ideology. This channel was very effectual which is evident by its highest ratio of leads to hire. The success of the ER scheme was partially due to the fact that referrals generally continued employment excited by the luck that the friend or family member who is a BTG employee recounted. Though maximum hiring was effected through this channel yet this alone did not surely satisfy BTGs hiring needs.Internet Sourcing This is one of the non-store recruitment channels which BTG used in two ways. First, BTG solicited resumes at its blindstogo.com site. Second, DSMs and recruiters actively searched online jobs sites like Monster.com to contact electromotive force candidates. Currently 12 out of 143 recruits were through this channel. DSM Compensation Readjustment DSMs were mainly responsible for store source of recruitment mainly walk-ins and employee referrals. They had to hire 10 new sales associate every month. Their importance in recruitment process is highlighted by the fac t that their salary was based on number of new staff selected kind of than on sales targets. Currently 16 out of 143 sales associate were recruited through this channel in past two months.BTG Retail Recruiters They were professional recruiters who were paid 20000/year with a bonus of $150 -$500 for each successful hire. They overprotect leads through cold calls, networking referrals, colleges, job fairs, Internet and employment centres. Though they had performed sub- optimally in terms of number of number of new recruits, their training had increased to enable to get in at least 4 new recruits per week. newspaper publisher Advertising Newspaper channel generated the maximum number of leads but the senior management believed that this medium did not generate the quality of candidates that BTG needed. This channel attracted more of the people who did not meet the desired skills standard and core values expected by BTG in potential candidates. To be able to meet our desired staff re quirements, we believe this channel needs to be harnessed to its full potential and complemented by necessary training to new recruits to enable them to meet companys performance standards.Store Generated Leads BTG believed in direct store walk-in mode of recruitment as well. It had put help wanted signs on its windows to attract potential candidates to meet its recruitment needs. But this policy was successful only in densely populated areas with high footfall. HR StrategyUdofia, Vice Chairman BTG, is aspect for a strategy that solves all the major issues currently faced by the company, which would include unstaffed stores, staffing for future expansion and high employee turnover. Following are the steps that could be taken by him to achieve its growth objectives A Robust Training Module As mentioned, the quality of staff is extremely important in the sell business. The crunch in the labor market doesnt give the company a flexibility to choose Blinds to Go Staffing a Retail Expa nsion employees on a strict criterion.A training module would help BTG to relax the criterion and increase the number of selected employees by recruiting people who are trainable. In order to keep a check on the quality of the employees, the company can recruit the employees at a trainee level with a fixed pay. The training would be mostly on the Job led by experienced Store Managers. A review system would help these selected candidates to get promoted as Sales Associate. The sign pay as a trainee would be low. But the incentive to get promoted as Sales Associate would drive them to work and learn quickly.Currently we can see that there are large numbers of people who are attracted by the Newspaper Channel and Internet. But the caper is with this medium is that it didnt generate quality employee. By a robust training module the company would be able to hire trainable people and give them opportunities on the basis of their performance.The packaging Structure A scheduled review an d internal promotion structure could be followed which attracts the current employees and increases the retention rate. The review can be conducted on at 2 levels, Sales Performance and Soft skills. A feedback mechanism would help the employees to work on the areas they lag. The review can be scheduled every 8 months and every employee can be condition an opportunity to get promoted.The internal promotion structure could be leveraged as a tool to advertise. This would attract people who currently dont want to join at Sales Associate Level. The promotion structure would also help in filling up the vacancies of Supervisors and Managers. Pay Structure The pay structure for Sales Associate could be revised in a manner as explained belowAccording to the current pay structure, a Sales Associate is paid $6-$8 per hour or 6% of sales, whichever higher. Clearly it can be seen that the Marginal and the Poor performers are the once who are enjoying the fixed compensation system. In order to mo tivate them, fixed + variable compensation could be followed for these below par performers. This structure would demotivate the fleet performers as there will be a reduction in their salaries. So it would not be the best idea to implement this structure for nip performers. A benchmark of $10000/sale/week could be set. This would not only motivate them to perform but the company also would overcome the problem of social loafing. The structure is explained belowMarginal-Poor Performers ($10000-/sales/ week) $3 per hour + 3 % of sales Leadership Program The highly experiences set of Store Managers could be given an option to join the leadership program. Under this program the Senior Employees would take up the responsibility of the training module and help the company attain the level of quality it requires in its workforce. Their compensation could be based on the rate of conversion of trainees to Sales Associate instead of Sales. Increased Stock Options to senior and experienced S tore Managers would give them a feel of ownership in the firm which is what an employee needs after serving an organisation for years.

Weddings In The Victorian Era History Essay

In the overnice Era, there were espousals like any other epoch. Except these were different, you may be stating Well atomic number 18 nt they ever? , but I am here to explicate why. Weddings were less luxuriant, because people did nt like pretentious ornaments and they were much more concluding than like a shot a two dozen hours s.Clothing in the Victorian Age was really different from dressing around this sever. The Wedding Dress ranged from really luxuriant to some what punk flavoring, early, mid, and late Victorian frock. Normally around this clip period, adult females wore a gown designed by Worth ( interior decorator from Paris ) and if they could nt submit to they would copy one of the masters. They wore long head coverings, two bodices, but most of the adult females wore full trains and elegant inside informations.Womans wore a fitted bodice accompanied with a wee waist and a full skirt. The frock was normally made let on of organdie, tulle, lacing, silk, linen, o r cashmere. The head covering was constructed from all right gauze, cotton ( sheer ) and sometimes lacing. Around this clip period most frocks cost $ 500 and the head covering cost normally about $ 125. The maid of honors should be younger than the bride, their frocks should be conformed to hers they should non be any more expensive, though they are permitted more flowery ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.burrows.com/booknotes/wedding.html. )They are by and large chosen of visible radiation, bewitching stuff flowers are the chief decoration.A The bride s frock is marked by simpleness. But few gems or decorations should be worn, and those should be the gift of the bridegroom or parents. A head covering and Garland are the separating characteristics of the dress.A The maid of honors assist in dressing the bride, having the company, etc. and, at the clip of the honoring, base at her go forth side, the first maid of honor keeping the corsage and baseball mitts. ( hypertext tr ansfer protocol //www.burrows.com/booknotes/wedding.html. ) The girdle was worn sometimes two and cardinal at a clip underneath the nuptials frock depending on what was peculiarly in manner at the clip that your nuptials took place.AWork force wore really go out or out-of-date dinner jacket. Boutonnieres were really big and made of lilies, A gardenia or a piece ofA stephanotis. I think that back in the clip of the great promote Victoria manner was seen as a different sort of civilization that was desired by every adult females that genuinely believed that they could look beautiful.There were many of import traditions. Back in the epoch of Victorian England, it was tradition for the bride to return on an hair garland with fresh or dehydrated lowers on a wire construction. Some of the flowers that were used for these garlands were roses, A chrysanthemums, and illumination clove pinks. The drying of the flowers and garlands was a really common tradition back in the Victorian epoch . The twosome would seek and continue the flowers or garland by hanging them upside down. You can besides utilize a wire mesh or vase but these are more modern centerings of the art.The Wedding Ceremony and Reception were critical elements for the construct of nuptialss in the Victorian Era. You normally had our marrying held in the church. When the ceremony is performed in a church, the bride enters at the left, with her male parent, female parent, and maid of honors or, at all events, with a maid of honor. The groom enters at the right, followed by hisA attenders. The parents stand behind, theA attendantsA at the either side. The bride should be certain that her baseball mitt is readily removable the groom, that the ring is where he can happen it, to avoid hold andA embarrassment. ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.burrows.com/booknotes/wedding.html. ) In England if you were traveling to be married by a curate or sermonizer there were different books that the denominations studied to better understand how the ceremonial would be held. The Methodists they studied the Book of Discipline . The Episcopalians studied their Book of Common Prayer , and the Catholics studied their ritual. You know how now a yearss when you get married you direct fiting nuptials rings with luxuriant designs and such. Well back in the Victorian age, they wore apparent sets made of gold with their initials and sometimes the day of the month they got married scratch on the interior of their rings. In England, a pronounce bride and her nuptials party walked to church on a rug of flowers to guarantee a happy way through life. For the wealthier, a gray Equus caballus drawing the nuptials passenger car was considered good fortune. Church bells pealed Forth as the twosome entered the church, non only when to do the public aware of the ceremonial taking topographic point, but besides to frighten away any evil forces skulking nearby. In the clip of male monarch Victoria, there were three different marrying bars. The groom s bar was dark and the bride s bar was white accompanied with luxuriant designs and the 3rd bar was precisely a bar that was chiefly for the visitants and invitees. The ring for matrimony within a twelvemonth the penny for wealth, my beloved the thimble for an old amah or single(a) man born the button for sweeties all forlorn. ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.literary-liaisons.com/article004.html. )Very Rarely people had their nuptialss at their house. My parents got married in the same church that they now attend, that is a tradition that has been carried out since theA VictorianA age. You were expected to return to the church that you said your vows in it was merely one guess polite but non forced.Peoples unlike presents would nt realm everyone where they were traveling on their honeymoon, but the parties everyone was invited to. Basically, the newly-wed hubby and married woman would go forth afterward the response like in modern times, but they would nt arouse anyone where they were traveling it was about like an escapade. He would taker out to a far off topographic point where cipher could happen her. In modern times, we have the response right after the nuptials but in the Victorian epoch they had the response a few yearss after the nuptials like three or so yearss and it would either be at their house or the church and if it was to be held at the church than their were regulations. There were many nuptials imposts that were vatical to be followed, along with many regulations and ordinances.There were many regulations and ordinances. Nowadays we do nt acquire to hit our married woman on the caput with her shoe to evince our authorization, but we do assure to protect her and ticker over her for the remainder of our lives.A These are fundamentally the generalA mandatoryA regulations that had to be followed. The bride was older than her maid of honors. Her frock was less splashy than the maid of h onors frocks were and the brides frock was given to her or paid for her by her fiance s parents. Some of the Torahs were more seen more of import than others but most were merely minor inside informations that had to be done and seen after. Basically, the bride enters on the left side, the groom enters on the right, and each of them has an attendant attach toing them. The parents stand behind their boy or girl. The bride has her glove ready and the groom has the ring. A batch of the things that the Victorians did are still carried out in modern times.Their were a batch of limitations and things looked down upon. It was considered a pseudo to be divorced in the age of Queen Victoria it was seen as absurd and frowned upon. So when it occurred, really seldom one might add, so he conserve ( I conjecture ) still had to redress for and back up his married woman. It was considered a fraud to be divorced in the age of Queen Victoria it was seen as absurd and frowned upon. So when it occur red, really seldom one might add, so he conserve ( I conjecture ) still had to pay for and back up his married woman. Evil liquors were said to hold been skulking around nuptialss and so the hubby and wifeA didntA get to imbibe their bubbly after they were crispen because they felt as if they did the immorality liquors would stalk them or something. Etiquette says that, except for the bubbly toast that accompanies cake cutting, the bride and groom should non sip from their spectacless when they are toasted. Clinking spectacless together after a toast was originally intended to bring forth a bell-like sound to guard off evil liquors. ( Cerier, Allison Brown, ed.A Handcrafted References. )About everything included in the nuptials shows some act of symbolism. Colorss represented certain things. The colour of the frock showed a batch about the bride an how successful she expected her marrying twenty-four hours and matrimony to turn out and in the long tally how in love they would be a nd such. White chosen right, Blue love will be true, Yellow ashamed of her chap, tearing wish herself dead, Black wish herself back, Grey travel far off, Pink of you he ll ever believe, Green-ashamed to be seen Marry on Monday for wellness, Tuesday for wealth, Wednesday the best twenty-four hours of all, atomic number 90 for crosses, Friday for losingss, and Saturday for no fortune at all. ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.literary-liaisons.com/article003.html. )Weddings were less luxuriant, because people did nt like pretentious ornaments and they were much more concluding than now a twenty-four hours s. As I said early in my paper, divorce was extremely looked down upon and really rare. There were three different ages with in the Victorian Era, which leads me to state that their were three different manners, one for each age.

History of Music Essay

I. IntroductionMusicsounds arranged into meaningful expressive patterns. The composing and playing of music is both a science and an art. Musicology is the study of music as a field of knowledge, with emphasis on history and theory.The raw materials of any kind of music ar certain characteristics of soundpitch (highness or lowness), feel (tone color), intensity (loudness), and duration. These raw materials are organized by means of the basic elements of rhythm (the pulse, or beat), melody (the tune), and harmony (the blending of tones).Music is often called the linguistic universal language because its meaning and appeal are largely the uniform for people everywhere. It has almost limitless variety. Music can express the widest range of human hear and feelingjoy, and grief, love and hate, amusement and reverence. It may be vocal or instrumental, and may be performed by soloist or by orchestra, band, or chorus.Moreover, roll in the hay is a form of music that developed in the Un ited States between 1900 and 1915. The origin of the word is uncertain. The music was created originally by the American total darkness, but within 40 years it was being performed and created by people of every national and racial background. By the 1940s no phase of contemporary American music, serious as well as popular, remained untouched by jazz. Jazz bands, magazines, and festivals are found in Japan, in South America, in North Africa, and throughout Europe (OMeally, 2002).Jazz is difficult to define, and not even jazz histrions and critics agree on a definition. It is a performers art, a way of playing. Jazz cannot be pen down to show the precise manner in which it is played. It is most accurately preserved not in published scores but on record player records.This paper discusses a brief history of the development of some mechanical aspects of music much(prenominal) as musical comedy styles, particular instruments, the recording industry, growth of jazz, etc.II. Discussi onA. The Nature of jazzRhythm. The infectious, compelling rhythms of jazz are based mainly on the 4/4 march tempo. In conventional music, the startle and third beats of a four-beat measure are accented. In jazz, however, the second and fourth are accented, producing a syncopated rhythm. Additional complex contrasting rhythms are built upon the simultaneous use of an otherwise form of syncopation in which a tone is held through a beat stringer than the one in which it began. be these multiple rhythms is a regularly accented basic rhythm called the beat, or swinga pulsating, rhythmic feeling that is hard to define and cannot be stand for in writing by notes (Lopes, 2002).Improvisation is the composing of music while in actual performance without previous rehearsal. It is a basic element of jazz. The improvising musician may compose a new theme, or melody, or may create new variations and patterns on an existing melody. While one member of a band develops a theme another will expand it. Each musician in the band adds something of his own and several musicians improvise on the same theme at the same time.Jazz is not entirely improvisational, however. Although jazz cannot be notated exactly, much of it is written down, or arranged. Some passages are left extemporary for solo improvisation. This improvisation and the overall rhythmic interpretation of the music make an arranged piece into jazz (Jones, 2000).Instruments. Another characteristic of jazz is the way musical instruments are played. Brass instruments, such as the trumpet, often take on the tone colors of a singing or speaking voice. Mutes are apply to give different sounds to the trumpet, trombone, and other instruments. The rhythm section of a jazz band is not limited to drums. The piano, guitar, and string bass are also apply as percussive instruments (Jones, 2000).B. History of JazzA blending of African and European musical traditions, jazz goes back many years. Revival hymns of the Western fronti er, Negro work songs, and minstrel shows are among its many sources. From them came the blues and ragtime. The blues, a vocal music, developed in rural areas ragtime, a piano music, developed in the cities. later on the Civil War many blacks began playing brass-band instruments, and brass marching bands developed.Blues, ragtime, and brass-band music, by the end of the 19th century, blended into a music that today would be classify as jazz. While no one city can be called the birth-place of jazz, freshly Orleans was one of the most colorful centers of early jazz (Jones, 2000).New Orleans. Around 1898 a brass band led by the cornetist Buddy Bolden played what would probably be recognized as jazz. Boldens band, befool Orys Creole Band, and others marched in parades, played for funerals, weddings, and dances, and performed while riding in advertising wagons. These early bands consisted of one or two cornets, a clarinet, a banjo, and drums. around 1910 the bands began playing in the brothels and gambling houses of the notorious Storyville section in New Orleans (Jones, 2000).Dixieland. Many white musicians, influenced by the Negro bands, organized their own bands. diddly-shit Papa Laine, with his Ragtime Band and his Reliance Brass Band, was one of the first white jazzmen. The musicians in these bands read music, and all their pieces were written out. Although they could not capture the climbing bittersweet mood of the blues, they played an orchestral type of ragtime that was later called Dixieland (Benford, 2004).The Jazz Age. In 1917, the federal government closed down Storyville. King Oliver, jelly Roll Morton, Louis Armstrong, Sidney Bechet, and other New Orleans-born musicians went North and helped spread jazz across the country. By the early 1920s, the center of jazz had shifted to Chicago, where it flourished in dance halls and speakeasies. Eddie Condon, Gene Krupa, and other Chicago musicians played an intense, driving variation of Dixieland that be came known as Chicago style (Benford, 2004).During the Jazz Age, jazz bands became larger, the saxophone was added, and new jazz styles evolved. admirer soloists and new jazz styles evolved. Virtuoso soloists, such as Louis Armstrong and Bix Beiderbecke, became more important as the improvised breaks grew longer. Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and other blues singers performed and recorded with jazz bands (Lopes, 2002).III. finaleJazz, however, was not yet considered respectable, mainly because of the places in which it was played. The general public heard, instead of true jazz, carefully rehearsed arrangements of jazz-like pieces. Paul Whiteman, called the King of Jazz, was a pioneer in such music.Furthermore, modern jazz is not a single movement or school. Various schools with distinctive styles have developed (Lopes, 2002). Jazz continued undergoing many changes in the 1970s. Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea helped popularize jazz-fusion (or jazz-rock), a style that uses electronic syn thesizers and electronically amplified instruments.

Film Music – Crash

CRITICAL STUDIES inject Music Assesswork forcet 1 Research Essay Crash (2004) Composer rig Isham Crash is a image directed by Paul Haggis and was released in 2004. The film depicts various social and political themes, the strongest being the issue of racism in the big societies of the US. dough Isham composed the score for the film his work mostly consisting of smooth, e at that placeal and opposite-worldly sounds.The expression in analysis consists of a car take apart in which Officer butt Ryan, a racialist uncontaminating cop who tries to save a non-white woman from her upturned car, his attempt in rescuing her being delayed as he realises that she is the woman he had sexually abuse the night before. Mark Isham was born in New York City, USA. He grew up learning to play sort come forthical piano, fiddle and trumpet. He play jazz trumpet whilst in lavishly school and ventured on to electronic medicinal drug in his early 20s.He had simultaneous c beers as a classical , jazz and rock symphonyian, performing with acts such as the San Fransisco Opera, The bound Boys, the famous jazz saxophonist Pharaoh Sanders and co-lead Rubisa Patrol with pianist Art Lande. In 1979, he organize the Group 87 ensemble with Peter Mannu, Patrick OHearn and terrycloth Bozzio, in which they released a self-titled debut album a year later and A course in Dada Processing four years after. He in any case recorded and toured with Van Morrisons band, playing trumpet and flugelhorn. (Oxford Online)Mark Isham started to develop his compositional skills in the 80s, using brass, electronics and his own trumpet. His work is quite extensive and ass be hear in films, documentaries and childrens fairytales. Some films in which hes worked in argon The Times of Harvey Milk, Made In America, The Net, Kiss the Girls, Blade, Rules of elaborateness and many more.. Paul Haggiss Crash is a film which delved into the prejudices or racist attitudes that people have well-nigh new(pre nominal)s, in a larger society of the USA. The films foundation is the exploration of racism and how peoples cultural prejudices affects the lives of those around them.The film principal(prenominal)tains its narrative around different sections, their lives, and these characters intertwining with the lives of the other characters. The main characters are two young black car thieves, one of these young men is the missing brother of a black detective whos partner is white a black film director and his wife, his wife sexually step by a white racist cop his white partner having a problem with his unethical attitudes and behaviour a white upper class lawyer and his wife a Persian family who owns a salt away in which is robbed and vandalised and a Latino man, his wife and daughter.This film is set in a postmodern, post-civil rights, postracial, postfeminist, post-9/11 U. S. culture and so the various racial, social and cultural themes presented indoors Crash are a reflection of Hagg is bold gesture to inform and challenge audiences ab let out the prejudices and cultural differences that everyone has. (Middleton, J. I, 2007) The outlook in analysis is a scene in which a racist white cop Officer keister Ryan gets to a crash scene and realises that the victim in the upturned car is Christine, the black woman he had wrong honorabley abused the night before.Her hurt is heightened when she realises that he is the one who had abused her and his attempt in rescuing her is delayed and strived. The music in this natural selection is gauze-like, haunting and ethereal, Ishams use of electronics and ethnic sounds enables the audience to experience the emotions and journey of the characters on screen. The scene begins with the law of nature car making its way towards the crash site. The instigate in this instant consists of thick graind and ethereal string/ pad or electronic sounds which boilers suit create an ambient and otherworldly atmosphere, which essentially c lay consistent throughout the entire scene.As they get to the crash scene and Officer tush Ryan gets out of the car, the sustained string/ pad sound convinces harmony and is played in a higher register, the piano being struck with sustain and repeats the identical note, driveway the action and momentum forward on screen and in any case mirrors what is happening on screen, that is, privy running to the upturned car. This variety show in feel this uplifting, silvern and ethereal music can as well be apocalyptical of Johns expected values that he is to uphold as a police officer, that is, bringing barelyice, helping people and protecting the people indoors his society.Furthermore, the smooth and ethereal score also illustrates not only the nobility of the values he is to uphold as a police officer, but also foreshadows the nobility and strength of character he is round to portray in the upcoming moments of attempting to bring through Christine. One can also say that it fo reshadows the potential change of heart and perspective he undergoes as he encounters Christine and saves her life. As he is running towards the car, the music is dominant the sound effects are sparse and soft, and so the music directly illustrates Johns desperation in getting to the car and also outlines his strength of character.Sound effects are heard in full when he reaches the car and he is contact with Christine and leads with dialogue. Obviously, the sound effects and the dialogue are heard as well the score, to engage the audience and reinforce the gravitational force of the situation and allows for the audience to empathise with both of the characters situations. The young-bearing(prenominal) vocalise is heard as presently as he reaches the car and engages with Christine. The female voice is sing in a foreign language, and is smooth, soft, tender and ethereal in tone and tint.The female voice, in a way, is a portrayal of the shared experience of John and Christine. A single low drum sound, like a timpani, is struck when Christine looks up and realises that its John whos attempting to rescue her. The single hit of the bass drum reinforces her distress when the realisation of John being there occurs. Rather than feeling eased that someones there to help her, her distress and headache dramatically increases due to what he had done to her the night before.When he asks to reach across her lot to free her from the seatbelt and she agrees, the viewer can hear a change in tone and atmosphere in the music. The female voice is absent and it becomes gentler in dynamics and thinner in texture with only the sustained electronic sounds and the piano playing notes in the higher register, sounding almost bell-like. The tension is broken as she realises the magnitude of her situation and allows him to come closer to her.The music thus parallels the softening of the tension and drama, also portraying the understanding between the two characters. The female voice being absent is significant as it allows the viewer to engage with the emotions and experiences of the characters, also allowing the viewer to appreciate the change of hearts in both characters. The repetition of the same chord which is created by the synths, forewarn the viewer of the coming risk of exposure as the shot of the gasoline travelling closer to the car is seen and the female voice comes rearwards in.This creates a feeling of suspense, even amongst the ethereal sounds of the electronic sounds. The music is therefore fuller in texture, symbolising added elements of danger on the screen and brings the viewer okay to the drama and action of what is happening around them. The fuller texture is contrasting to the thinner texture of the music played in the moment between John and Christine, the fuller texture illustrating the outside world and the thinner texture representing the change process within each character.In the following sequence, the gasoline alights and explodes around the car, and John is pulled out and Christine is left in the car. The viewer can see Christine belly laugh and John shouting as he is pulled out of the car, which is now surrounded by fire. alone the dialogue and sound effects are muted in this instant, therefore the ethereal music and the female vocals are dominant, which serves to highlight the emotional aspects of the scene, that is, Christines distress and hysteria and Johns desperation in rescuing her.The ingeminate chords re-occur as John goes back in to pull Christine out, the dialogue suddenly heard as he says Pull in which whence, the sound effects are heard again. These repeated chords are indicative of moving action that is, moving nearer to the put forward on the screen, first with the gasoline coming towards the car, and then with John coming towards Christine to rescue her. It helps drive the action and prompts momentum on screen. The repeated chords are then consistently played throughout the sce nes where Christine is pulled out of the car and theyre safe from harm.However, these chords are played by the piano and are different in timbre theyre softer, light and gentler in sound and blend in with the sustained electronic sounds in the background. It creates a layer of constant sound and represents the characters overall freedom, not only from the physical danger but from the prejudices they had of each other. The female vocals are still heard once theyre free from the car, finally stopping just before John and Christine pass over, and John comforts her.The female vocals are important as it symbolises the two characters sharing the experience and also their need of each other at that particular time. The vocals end just before the embrace as it has completed its purpose, in that it helped the characters through the situation achieve self-realisation John save himself in his act of selflessness and finding his strength of character and Christine allowing herself to be vuln erable and accept help from others the embrace representative of the end of their journey.Isham talks about the score and states that certain scenes can come off as truly horrendous, and I felt like the music had to help you through the movie and be like a shepherding hand A friend of tap described thescoreas being like a guardian angel and there was a sense we had that that was what thescoreneeded to do. (Bond, 2005) In conclusion, from the preceding(prenominal) quote, its clear that the cue acted as a guide for the characters on screen.This particular take away of the film is rather serious and distressing, yet the underscore for these sequences is overall tender, smooth and ethereal. This contrast in music and action on screen is effective in that the marriage of these two things help tell the narrative, explore the emotions of the main characters and engage and evoke the emotions of the films viewers.Film Music CrashCRITICAL STUDIES Film Music Assessment 1 Research Essay Cra sh (2004) Composer Mark Isham Crash is a film directed by Paul Haggis and was released in 2004. The film depicts various social and political themes, the strongest being the issue of racism in the larger societies of the US. Mark Isham composed the score for the film his work mostly consisting of smooth, ethereal and other-worldly sounds.The scene in analysis consists of a car crash in which Officer John Ryan, a racist white cop who tries to save a black woman from her upturned car, his attempt in rescuing her being delayed as he realises that she is the woman he had sexually abused the night before. Mark Isham was born in New York City, USA. He grew up learning to play classical piano, violin and trumpet. He played jazz trumpet whilst in high school and ventured on to electronic music in his early 20s.He had simultaneous careers as a classical, jazz and rock musician, performing with acts such as the San Fransisco Opera, The Beach Boys, the famous jazz saxophonist Pharaoh Sanders and co-lead Rubisa Patrol with pianist Art Lande. In 1979, he formed the Group 87 ensemble with Peter Mannu, Patrick OHearn and Terry Bozzio, in which they released a self-titled debut album a year later and A Career in Dada Processing four years after. He also recorded and toured with Van Morrisons band, playing trumpet and flugelhorn. (Oxford Online)Mark Isham started to develop his compositional skills in the 80s, using brass, electronics and his own trumpet. His work is quite extensive and can be heard in films, documentaries and childrens fairytales. Some films in which hes worked in are The Times of Harvey Milk, Made In America, The Net, Kiss the Girls, Blade, Rules of Engagement and many more.. Paul Haggiss Crash is a film which delved into the prejudices or racist attitudes that people have about others, in a larger society of the USA. The films foundation is the exploration of racism and how peoples cultural prejudices affects the lives of those around them.The film maintai ns its narrative around different characters, their lives, and these characters intertwining with the lives of the other characters. The main characters are two young black car thieves, one of these young men is the missing brother of a black detective whos partner is white a black film director and his wife, his wife sexually abused by a white racist cop his white partner having a problem with his unethical attitudes and behaviour a white upper class lawyer and his wife a Persian family who owns a store in which is robbed and vandalised and a Latino man, his wife and daughter.This film is set in a postmodern, post-civil rights, postracial, postfeminist, post-9/11 U. S. culture and so the various racial, social and cultural themes presented within Crash are a reflection of Haggis bold gesture to inform and challenge audiences about the prejudices and cultural differences that everyone has. (Middleton, J. I, 2007) The scene in analysis is a scene in which a racist white cop Officer John Ryan gets to a crash scene and realises that the victim in the upturned car is Christine, the black woman he had wrongfully abused the night before.Her distress is heightened when she realises that he is the one who had abused her and his attempt in rescuing her is delayed and strived. The music in this excerpt is ethereal, haunting and ethereal, Ishams use of electronics and ethnic sounds enables the audience to experience the emotions and journey of the characters on screen. The scene begins with the police car making its way towards the crash site. The cue in this instant consists of thick textured and ethereal string/ pad or electronic sounds which overall create an ambient and otherworldly atmosphere, which essentially remains consistent throughout the entire scene.As they get to the crash scene and Officer John Ryan gets out of the car, the sustained string/ pad sound changes harmony and is played in a higher register, the piano being struck with sustain and repeats the s ame note, driving the action and momentum forward on screen and also mirrors what is happening on screen, that is, John running to the upturned car. This change in feel this uplifting, bright and ethereal music can also be indicative of Johns expected values that he is to uphold as a police officer, that is, bringing justice, helping people and protecting the people within his society.Furthermore, the smooth and ethereal score also illustrates not only the nobility of the values he is to uphold as a police officer, but also foreshadows the nobility and strength of character he is about to portray in the upcoming moments of attempting to rescue Christine. One can also say that it foreshadows the potential change of heart and perspective he undergoes as he encounters Christine and saves her life. As he is running towards the car, the music is dominant the sound effects are sparse and soft, and so the music directly illustrates Johns desperation in getting to the car and also outlines his strength of character.Sound effects are heard in full when he reaches the car and he is contact with Christine and engages with dialogue. Obviously, the sound effects and the dialogue are heard as well the score, to engage the audience and reinforce the gravity of the situation and allows for the audience to empathise with both of the characters situations. The female voice is heard as soon as he reaches the car and engages with Christine. The female voice is singing in a foreign language, and is smooth, soft, tender and ethereal in tone and timbre.The female voice, in a way, is a portrayal of the shared experience of John and Christine. A single bass drum sound, like a timpani, is struck when Christine looks up and realises that its John whos attempting to rescue her. The single hit of the bass drum reinforces her distress when the realisation of John being there occurs. Rather than feeling relieved that someones there to help her, her distress and fear dramatically increases d ue to what he had done to her the night before.When he asks to reach across her lap to free her from the seatbelt and she agrees, the viewer can hear a change in tone and atmosphere in the music. The female voice is absent and it becomes gentler in dynamics and thinner in texture with only the sustained electronic sounds and the piano playing notes in the higher register, sounding almost bell-like. The tension is broken as she realises the magnitude of her situation and allows him to come closer to her.The music therefore parallels the softening of the tension and drama, also portraying the understanding between the two characters. The female voice being absent is significant as it allows the viewer to engage with the emotions and experiences of the characters, also allowing the viewer to appreciate the change of hearts in both characters. The repetition of the same chord which is created by the synths, forewarn the viewer of the coming danger as the shot of the gasoline travelling closer to the car is seen and the female voice comes back in.This creates a feeling of suspense, even amongst the ethereal sounds of the electronic sounds. The music is therefore fuller in texture, symbolising added elements of danger on the screen and brings the viewer back to the drama and action of what is happening around them. The fuller texture is contrasting to the thinner texture of the music played in the moment between John and Christine, the fuller texture illustrating the outside world and the thinner texture representing the change process within each character.In the following sequence, the gasoline alights and explodes around the car, and John is pulled out and Christine is left in the car. The viewer can see Christine screaming and John shouting as he is pulled out of the car, which is now surrounded by fire. All the dialogue and sound effects are muted in this instant, therefore the ethereal music and the female vocals are dominant, which serves to highlight the emo tional aspects of the scene, that is, Christines distress and hysteria and Johns desperation in rescuing her.The repeated chords re-occur as John goes back in to pull Christine out, the dialogue suddenly heard as he says Pull in which then, the sound effects are heard again. These repeated chords are indicative of moving action that is, moving nearer to the subject on the screen, first with the gasoline coming towards the car, and then with John coming towards Christine to rescue her. It helps drive the action and prompts momentum on screen. The repeated chords are then consistently played throughout the scenes where Christine is pulled out of the car and theyre safe from harm.However, these chords are played by the piano and are different in timbre theyre softer, light and gentler in sound and blend in with the sustained electronic sounds in the background. It creates a layer of constant sound and represents the characters overall freedom, not only from the physical danger but fr om the prejudices they had of each other. The female vocals are still heard once theyre free from the car, finally stopping just before John and Christine embrace, and John comforts her.The female vocals are important as it symbolises the two characters sharing the experience and also their need of each other at that particular time. The vocals end just before the embrace as it has completed its purpose, in that it helped the characters through the situation achieve self-realisation John redeeming himself in his act of selflessness and finding his strength of character and Christine allowing herself to be vulnerable and accept help from others the embrace representative of the end of their journey.Isham talks about the score and states that certain scenes can come off as truly horrendous, and I felt like the music had to help you through the movie and be like a shepherding hand A friend of mine described thescoreas being like a guardian angel and there was a sense we had that that w as what thescoreneeded to do. (Bond, 2005) In conclusion, from the above quote, its clear that the cue acted as a guide for the characters on screen.This particular excerpt of the film is rather serious and distressing, yet the underscore for these sequences is overall tender, smooth and ethereal. This contrast in music and action on screen is effective in that the marriage of these two things help tell the narrative, explore the emotions of the main characters and engage and evoke the emotions of the films viewers.

Functional Leadership Model in Healthcare Essay

The tralatitious leading flummox focuses on three main areas which are looked at to be the core areas of leadership task, unmarried, and group (Al-Touby, 1). Our text does not c over the traditional leadership model but, it does cover the path-goal leadership theory which in some sense relates to both the traditional leadership model and the functional result-oriented healthcare model. The path-goal theory focuses on the effectiveness for a leader to create high productivity and morale in a given situation (DuBrin, 147). In the path-goal theory it is important that the manager pick a style of leadership that focuses on the characteristics of the team and the demand for the task. In the traditional leadership style thither is to a greater extent emphasis on one core area over another where in the path-goal leadership theory there is no emphasis on either. The path-goal theory lays the objective out in black and white. The path-goal theory is/ would be an effective leadership mod el for healthcare, however adapting it more closely to any organization would make it more effective and efficient. The main objective that can never be forgotten with healthcare is the patients outcome if the outcome is lost, the leader, the team, and the task have failed.The Oman medical checkup Journal has perfected a leadership model specific all toldy for healthcare facilities. The journal only compares the brand-new healthcare model to the traditional leadership model however it could also be compared with the characteristics of the path-goal leadership theory. If a healthcare facility focuses primarily on their individual staff characteristics, the facility will risk the possibility of losing sight of the patients needs (Al-Touby, 1). In any medical profession all employees are there for one reason, the patients service. With that being said, individual characteristics are not exactly the main concern in the healthcare leadership model. woful on to having the task be the p riority of the functional model the task by itself remains incomplete until the patient recovers from the medical condition or the distemper is managed (Al-Touby, 1-2). One patient is a task for too many people, but each employee contributes to the outcome of the patient.Lastly, healthcare leaders cannot only focus on the team, because the team has not completed the task until the patient recovers or the disease is managed. The team is combined of the individuals and the task but, in healthcare none of those elements need priority over another. Healthcare teams can work hard and be efficient and still be ineffective (Al-Touby, 2). In healthcare effectiveness must always be the goal over efficient teamwork. These examples and reasons are why the Oman Medical Journal decided to add the fourth element results or patient outcomes and they refer to the readjustment as the functional results-oriented leadership model(Al-Touby, 3). No matter how perfect the healthcare team is no matter h ow motivated the care staff is no matter how well the care procedures are articulated and practiced, the yardstick of good healthcare leadership is patient outcomes, the results of care. (Al-Touby, 4)The functional leadership model is based on three core areas in leadership task, individuals, and teams. All of these are important in effective leadership, however, the modified theory functional-orientated leadership fits my lifestyle more precise. on the job(p) in healthcare and pursuing a profession in healthcare administration I can see how the typical functional leadership model does not fit the healthcare world. Patient care is the main focal render of every move made in the medical field instruction more precisely on one of the three elements in the typical model could easily distract a leader in losing focal point on the patients result/outcome. Making the result the center of the three elements works. The organization I work at now uses the functional-orientated leadership model, and all our policies are based around this model. Patients safety and wellbeing is always priority.ReferencesAl-Touby, S. (2012). Functional Results-Oriented Healthcare Leadership A Novel Leadership Model. Oman Medical Journal, 27(2), 104-107. doi10. 5001/omj.2012.22 DuBrin, Andrew J. (2013). Leadership Research Findings, Practice, and Skills. Mason South-Western.

Susan Glaspell’s 1916 play ‘Trifles’ – Review

Susan Glaspells 1916 play Trifles demonstrates how grammatical sexual urge can affect a referees response. Gender describes the physical and social condition of being male or female. When viewing the Wrights kitchen as a textual matter and the char recreateers as the reader, it becomes clear how gender is an integral feature of the theory of indicant. The reader response theory consists of multiple ele ments it looks at how a reader interprets a text and what contri onlyes to that interpretation.Raman Seldon et al states we differ about interpretations only because our ways of reading differ. The way we read a text will also see on personal experience. Wolfgang Iser argues that a piece of literature contains blanks,2 these are spaces in the text that only the reader can fill. If these blanks exist within an unfamiliar area, the reader is unlikely to fill them. This affects the readers construal of the text in this causal agency the Wrights kitchen. In the early 20th century th e kitchen was a place rarely occupied by men and the County Attorney is quick to observe nothing important here, nothing that would billet to any motive. The men in this scene are typical of the implied reader described by Raman Seldon et al as the reader whom the text creates for itself and amounts to a network of response-inviting structures.The theory looks at how a text projects itself to the reader, Umberto Ecos the role of the reader argues that some texts are open plot otherwises are closed, the former invites reader collaboration in the development of meaning, the latter has its meaning already determined and has anticipated the readers response. 5 Trifles is an open text, it invites the readers, in this fact the men and women to find the meaning/evidence. The mens inability to fill the blanks signifies gender issue and contributes to their ultimate failure. Another aspect of reader-orientated criticism is the reception theory, Hans R Jauss, a German supporter of this th eory uses the term Horizon of expectation6 to describe the criteria readers use to judge literary texts in any given period. The men of law visualize the scene with a predetermined horizon of expectation.Their historical experience of similar crimes means they look for a particular set of codes in this case signs of evidence, because this case does not fit into that experience they fail to discover the evidence. They are restricted by their gender role and unable to read the text as anything other than masculine. Alongside the men, the implied reader is Mrs. twinge. According to Raman Seldon et al we can categorise her as the actual reader she receives certain mental images in the process of reading,7 but the images also depend on her existing stock of experience, in this case her understanding of what it is to be a charwoman in her time.Referring to Judith Fetterleys notion of the resisting reader, Sara Mills argues that although texts may address us as males, we as females can construct a space of reading which resists the dominant reading. 8 Mrs. Hale resists the dominant reading and participates in a feminine reading of the text this enables her to read the scene from a female perspective. Mrs. Peters reads the text both as a man and as a woman, although she only appears to do this at a subconscious level. She is the sheriffs wife therefore, she has a stricter gender role to adhere to, her role of wife has almost obscured her natural femininity.Sara Mills describes the gendered reading of a text as one whereby the reader comes to the process of reading with a framework of expectations which are determined by her gender, and she interacts with elements in a text in a gendered way. 9 Mrs. Hale defines her gender role in comparison with Mrs. Wright when talking about Minnie she says she didnt even belong to ladies aid10 she accepts that they are both farmers wives and that Minnie never fully embraced that gender role.Minnie did not get involved with other women or with organisations that would have given her freedom. The quote implies that it was the least she could have done, Mrs. Hale does however empathise with Minnie influencing Mrs. Peters to do the same. Raman Seldon et al state the act of interpretation is possible because the text allows the reader access to the authors consciousness,11 this allows the reader to think and feel what the author does. This is a significant stagecoach, the men in the play try to interpret Mrs. Wrights manner but are unable to come to any conclusions, when the women discover the untidy sewing they are able give away assumptions about her mood and state of mind, they can send with her as a woman and as a wife. Sara Mills states that the reader is subject to many excursive pressures which lead her to read in particular ways. . 12 Mrs. Peters avoids answering direct questions with her own opinion when asked by Mrs. Hale do you think she did it? She replies with the opinions of her husband and his colleagues. She does sympathise, but what follows is an abrupt recall of her masculine implied reader response, e. . I know what stillness is, but the law has got to punish crime, Mrs. Hale. 14 A reader always takes to a text a framework into which they fit the text, this explains why the men read the scene the way they do. The men interpret the text from a masculine point of view, they only know the facts, Mr. Wright is dead and Mrs. Wright was the only other person present. It would be natural for them, taking into consideration there historical viewpoint, implied reader response and gender role, to look for obvious signs of an argument or struggle.The notion of a gendered difference is critical when analysing reader positioning. The kitchen plays an integral part in signifying the gender roles. Gainor states in her essay, if the kitchen is coded as the womans sphere, then surely the bedroom must be thought of as the male arena,15 this is where the men spend most of their time an d of course where John Wright died. Mrs. Hale and the men in the play have a contradictory view of John Wrights character. When Mrs. Peters states, they say he was a good man, she is again referring to the mens opinion. musical composition Mrs. Hale admits that he didnt drink, kept his word and paid his bills, she also refers to her own impression of him as a hard man.Mrs. Hales sees beyond the masculine observations and trusts her own instincts she describes talking to him as like a raw wind that gets to the bone. 16 The men in the play do not discuss John Wrights life or personality. The women do discuss Minnie Wright, Mrs. Hale describes her before her marriage, she used to wear pretty clothes and be lively, when she was Minnie Foster. 17 Mrs. Hale builds up an image of Mrs. Wright that Mrs. Peters can relate to and line with, she later describes her as like a bird herself,18 this coupled with the cold character of Mr. Wright and the stripping of the birdcage create an image o f Minnie being caged herself. The discovery of the bird with its broken neck is an important moment of realisation for the two women.The extent of the sadness in Minnie Wrights life has become abundantly clear and the recognition of what this grim discovery signifies seems to set Mrs. Hales mind racing. Again, referring back to her own personal experience of Mr. Wright, Mrs. Hale states No, Wright wouldnt like the bird-a thing that sang. She used to sing. He killed that, too. 19 This statement is sufficient to curb Mrs. Peters obviously uncomfortable with how the situation is unfolding. Mrs. Hale reproaches herself for not calling on Mrs. Wright occasionally she declares that was a crime, whos going to punish that? 20 This questioning adds to the inference that the murder was not the only crime that took place in the farmhouse. Ultimately, both women read the text from a gendered perspective enabling them to justify why they hide the evidence.The two women establish compassion fo r Minnie Wright, they understand the hardships of being a woman in their time, and Mrs. Hale says we all go through the same things its all just a antithetical kind of the same thing. 21 It is here the women seem united, in defense of one they feel has done wrong and been wronged, in a final act of female solidarity they hide the evidence they have found and protect Mrs. Wright. Susan Glaspells Trifles is a play in one act that demonstrates the significance of gendered theories of reading.It achieves this by showing how the woman make their observations and unknowingly build up the circumstances surrounding the crime. They notice small details that are significant to them as women these details enable them to identify with the text. The men in this play overlook these details because they only view the scene from a masculine perspective. They read the text within a squiffy framework of ideals that do not apply in this case, to be able to interpret a variety of texts is to be able to read from a gendered point of view.

Kite Runner Discussion Questions Essay

1. The legend begins with amirs memory of peering down an alley, cheeking for Hassan who is kite cart track for him. As emeer peers into the alley, he witnesses a tragedy. The novel ends with emir kite running for Hassans tidings, Sohrab, as he begins a new life with ameer in America. why do you think the author chooses to frame the novel with these scenes? Refer to the adjacent passage Afghans like to say Life goes on, unmindful of beginning, end crisis or catharsis, pitiable forward like a slow, dusty caravan of kochis nomads. How is this significant to the framing of the novel?The author chooses to frame the novel with these scenes because I think that in the stolon chapter the readers can see that ameer is so guilt-stricken of not be able to help Hassan and yet witnessing and running from the tragedy. The ending however shows that ameer became the kite runner. Since a kite whizz is someone who is powerful and controlling aka selfish while a kite runner is be self less. It symbolizes a circle, it did not end where it began only if rather it was a running to a positive counselling, away from Sohrab physically but towards him emotionally.Finally he is running with freedom in his heart rather of idolatry. The passage Afghans like to say Life goes on, unmindful of beginning, end crisis or catharsis, moving forward like a slow, dusty caravan of kochis (nomads). is significant because thats how Afghans are. Despite creation occupied by the Russians and ruled by the Talibans, life goes on. Even with so many sufferings, hardships and killings they continue to live their life. 2. The strong underlying potency of this novel is the descent between ameer and Hassan. Discuss their friendship. Why is Amir afraid to be Hassans true friend?Why does Amir always test Hassans loyalty? Why does he resent Hassan? After the kite running tournament, why does Amir no longer pauperism to be Hassans friend? Amir and Hassan are like br separates, they were fed by the same breasts, they grew up in the same household and they would play like in that locations no tomorrow. Amir is afraid to be Hassans true friend because Hassan is a Hazara, where they are looked down upon by other Afghans as the low kind of people in society. People might judge him especially the Pashtuns because Hassan is their servant and treated unequal.Amir constantly tests Hassans loyalty because he knows that Hassan would do anything for him and would level off die for him. He describes Hassan as a loyal dog. Amir resents Hassan since Baba always gives so much attention to Hassan. Baba would never miss a birthday and still give Hassan gifts. After the kite running tournament, Amir no longer wants to be Hassans friend because he feels real guilty of what happened to Hassan. He feels that Hassan was the sacrifice he had to give in order to get Babas attention. 3. Early in Amir and Hassans friendship, they often visit a pomegranate tree tree where they spend ho urs reading and playing.One summer day, I apply one of Alis kitchen knives to carve our names on it Amir and Hassan, the sultans of Kabul. Those words do it formal the tree was ours. In a letter to Amir later in the story, Hassan mentions that the tree hasnt borne harvest-tide in years. Discuss the significance of this tree. The pomegranate tree represents Amir and Hassans friendship. They would eat its fruits, sit on its branches and Amir would read Hassan stories as if they were the only two people on Earth. As if no one else was important. They carved their names on it symbolizing that they ruled all of Kabul.In the letter to Amir later in the story, Hassan mentions that the tree hasnt borne fruit in years is precise significant since it symbolizes their friendship. After the tragedy, Amir wouldnt want to see Hassan because when he sees Hassan, he remembers what he did which was to run in fear and he did nothing ab come to the fore it. He feels all this guilt and because o f his guilt, he decided to frame up Hassan in stealing his new watch. The tree hasnt borne fruit in years because it is like their friendship, abandoned and forgotten. There were no longer those two boys who used to visit the tree.The tree died with their friendship. 4. We begin to understand originallyhand(predicate) in the novel that Amir is constantly vying for Babas attention and often feels like an outsider in his fathers life, as seen in the following passage Hed close the door, leave me to wonder why it was always grown-ups time with him. Id sit by the door, knees drawn to my chest. sometimes I sat at that place for an hour, sometimes two, listening to their laughter, their chatter. Discuss Amirs relationship with Baba. Baba was usually aloof and cold when he was around Amir.Since Baba was interest in sports, he felt like Amir wasnt his son because he was into writing and was weak. In a conversation with Rahim Khan Baba said that something was lacking(p) in Amir. He sa id that a boy who couldnt stand up for himself would not stand up for anything. They dont truly withdraw a good father and son relationship because Baba expected too much of Amir. It was that winning kite tournament that somehow mystifyed them together but aft(prenominal) a while, it went stake to being the cold treatment 5. After Amir wins the kite running tournament, his relationship with Baba undergoes significant change.However, while they form a bond of friendship, Amir is still unhappy. What causes this unhappiness and how has Baba contributed to Amirs state of mind? Eventually, the relationship between the two returns to the way it was before the tournament, and Amir laments we actually deceived ourselves into sentiment that a represent make of tissue paper, glue, and bamboo could somehow close the chasm between us. Discuss the significance of this passage. The unhappiness he felt was the guilt of not being able to help Hassan when he was raped. He felt emptier than ever.Before his birthday party, he intercommunicateed Baba just about changing their servants. He said that he grew up with Ali, forty years hes been with his family Baba roared with anger. Baba even threatened to slap him if he brings it up ever again. The bond they had was only temporary and it was all because of the kite, a toy made of tissue paper, glue and bamboo. It was just a material thing, something that was similarly just temporary. And that was not enough to change relationships between people because relationships are create with emotions, with the heart. 6.As Amir remembers an Afghan celebration in which a sheep must be sacrificed, he talks about seeing the sheeps eyes moments before its death. I dont know why I watch this yearly ritual in our backyard my nightmares persist long after the bloodstains on the spy have faded. But I always watch, I watch because of that look of betrothal in the animals eyes. Absurdly, I imagine the animal understands. I imagine the an imal sees that its imminent demise is for a higher purpose. Why do you think Amir recalls this memory when he witnesses Hassans tragedy in the alleyway?Amir recollects the memory again toward the end of the novel when he sees Sohrab in the home of the Taliban. Discuss the image in the context of the novel. The image of the sheep being sacrificed and the look of acceptance symbolize Hassan. Hassan is a brave soulfulness but he accepts his fate. The look of the lamb is his loyalty to Amir. He is willing to sacrifice even rape just for Amir. He also sees that look from Sohrab when he was dancing and accepting that he will be doing that for the rest of his life. 7. America acts as a place for Amir to bury his memories and a place for Baba to mourn his. In America, there are homes that made Babas house in Wazir Akbar Khan look like a servants hut. What is ironic about this statement? What is the function of badinage in this novel? The raillery in the story is that Baba was very wealt hy and influential in Kabul. A lot of people knew him because of his good works. However, in America he only works in a tout station and misses everything about his home. Baba and Amirs going to America is Babas gift to Amir even if it means that he would suffer. He is terribly desirous in America. They live in an apartment in San Jose but in Kabul, Babas house was the virtually beautiful one in their district.The function of irony in this novel is that you could be the well-nigh influential, most powerful person one day and the next day you are just an ordinary person with nothing at all. 8. What is the significance of the irony in the first story that Amir writes? After hearing Amirs story, Hassan asks, Why did the man kill his wife? In fact, why did he ever have to feel sad to shed tears? Couldnt he have just smelled an onion plant? How is his reaction to the story a parable for Amirs life? How does this story epitomize the difference in character between Hassan and Amir?Th e irony in the story is that the man killed his wife out of greed and after he has done this he becomes miserable. This story echoes Amirs life because he did things out of greed. He wanted the attention of Baba and he was a little jealous of Hassan. Hassan has this perceptiveness, where he criticized Amirs story. He was only an illiterate boy but was able to point out a major flaw in Amirs story where he asks why the man killed his wife, couldnt he have just smelled an onion to shed those tears. Hassan did not bring to see the words on the page to know it was flawed.He did not need to look at the kites shadow to know where it was going. It is a metaphor in Amirs life because he was the one with education. He was the one talented in reading and writing. Baba, in difficult to redeem his own honor, raised a child who felt neglected and who acted out of fear. This was the metaphor in Amirs life where he grew up with fear and cannot stand up for himself while Hassan was his complete o pposite. 9. Why is Baba disappointed by Amirs finish to become a writer? During their argument about his career path, Amir thinks to himself I would stand my ground, I decided.I didnt want to sacrifice for Baba anymore. The last time I had done that, I had damned myself. What has Amir sacrificed for Baba? How has Amir damned himself? Baba was disappointed by Amirs decision to become a writer because he wanted Amir to be just like him. He wanted Amir to become a reestablish or a lawyer wherein they treat those professionals of higher power. He didnt want to sacrifice anymore. He was determined to become a writer, something he really wants to be. When he was younger, Amir wanted Babas attention so bad that he pretended to like the sport which Baba was interested in, soccer.Back past he pretended to listen to Babas remarks about the game and the players but in the end he did not enjoy it. Baba was only disappointed in him that Amir did not inherit his dads athletic side. 10. Compar e and contrast the relationships of Soraya and Amir and their fathers. How have their upbringings contributed to these relationships? Even if Baba is cold to Amir I believe that he is a great father. Baba really loves Amir and is willing to do everything and anything for his son. Back in Kabul, he would give Amir anything he wanted.In America even if they didnt have the capital, Baba still gives Amir anything that he can give. Baba would sacrifice everything he had just for Amir. He even works hard in a gas station and wouldnt take the coupons so that he will not degrade himself. General Taheri however is someone who gives importance to what others think. When Soraya ran away, he went there and threatened to kill the man and to kill himself if Soraya didnt come home. His attitude is bad and treats his wife as dirt. He prefers to collect welfare than lowering himself to colored collar jobs. He just waits everyday to be called back to Afghanistan.Because of their strict Afghan upbri nging, Both Soraya and Amir have been very honest to each other especially when Amir was ready to tell Soraya his story of betrayal. Also because of the lack of closeness they had with their fathers it had somehow made their relationship with each other stronger and closer. 11. Discuss how the ever-changing politics of Afghanistan affect each of the characters in the novel. Because of the ever-changing politics of Afghanistan all of the characters lives changed. None of them were safe, no matter what privileges they have or what they believe in, anyone could be killed.Amir and Babas life from being wealthy, they became average in America. Ali and Hassans life was always in danger because of the ethnic cleansing they were the kind of people who were killed most of the time during those years of war. 12. On Amirs trip back to Afghanistan, he stays at the home of his driver, Farid. Upon leaving he remarks Earlier that morning, when I was certain no one was looking, I did something I ha d done twenty-six years earlier I planted a fistful of crumpled money under the mattress. Why is this moment so important in Amirs journey?That moment is so important in Amirs life because he did it twenty-six years ago. He put the money under Hassans mattress in order to frame him up and maybe Baba would ask them to leave. It is significant because instead of plotting to ruin ones life, he is trying to make sure that the three children do not starve. This is the part when he is trying to change things, doing the act of putting the money under the mattress again but with a different agenda. He is now doing this selfless act for others than for himself. 13. Throughout the story, Baba worries because Amir never stands up for himself.When does this change? Amir and Babas relationship excoriationed to get better after the kite running competition. And I believe It was also the start of Babas hope that maybe Amir could do stand for himself when the time comes. Amir made his father prou d, beating all of his opponents, cutting all of the kites, and being the last kite flying on thin air. It was when the Babas intuition that maybe his son can do handle himself someday. 14. Amirs showdown with Assef in Wazir Akar Khan marks an important turning point in the novel. Why does the author have Amir, Assef, and Sohrab all come together in this way?What is this the significance of the scar that Amir develops as a result of the confrontation? Why is it important in Amirs journey toward forgiveness and acceptance? Because the only way we could accept, forgive, and overcome any problem is to face the situation. The part where Amir, Assef and Sohrab come together in that part of the book because it is the echo of confrontation with Assef back when they were children. Its like a continuation but instead of Hassan, Sohrab stands as his representative. This time, he has a entropy chance to do the right thing, a second chance where he chooses to save Sohrab from Assef.After his fi ght with Assef he develops a scar that looks like a harelip. It is significant because it is a suffering to match Hassans. He begins to reconcile their troubled history. This is important in Amirs journey to forgiveness and acceptance because that scar represents the feeling of closeness to Hassan. When Assef beats him to death and he got the scar, it is healing Amir of his guilt. He is now in the process of forgiving himself. 15. While in the hospital in Peshawar, Amir has a dream in which he sees his father wrestling a bear They role over a patch of grass, man and beastthey fall to the ground with a brasslike thud and Baba is sitting on the bears chest, his fingers digging in its snout. He looks up at me, and I see. Hes me. I am wrestling the bear. Why is this dream so important at this point in the story? What does this dream finally help Amir realize? It was a somewhat a symbol that made Amir realize hes been a good son to his father all the while. It was important because it made Amir stronger and was able to believe in himself after seeing himself as the wrestlerthe wrestler whom he admired all his life, his Baba.He hasnt cognise how life had also been his tough opponent and yet he still continue to breathe. He realized, he also has his own strength. 16. Amir and Hassan have a favored story. Does the story have the same meaning for both men? Why does Hassan name his son after one of the characters in the story? Their favorite story is Rostam and Sohrab where Rostam kills Sohrab without knowing that he is his son. The story doesnt have the same meaning for both men. Hassan names his son after Sohrab because he is so trance by the story.The story where the father killed his son touched Hassans heart. It filled Hassans heart with such emotion that he decided to name his son with one of the characters name. 17. Baba and Amir know that they are very different people. Often it disappoints both of them that Amir is not the son that Baba has hoped for. When Amir finds out that Baba has lied to him about Hassan, he realizes that as it turned out, Baba and I were more alike than Id never known. How does this make Amir feel about his father? How is this both a negative and positive realization?When Amir learned about the truth he felt much betrayal. Amis felt very angry towards his father. He felt like they more alike than hed ever known. Both betrayed people who would have given their lives for them. They betrayed the people who were the most loyal to them. Because of this he realized a lot of things. Amir should atone not just his sins but for Babas sins too. If he hadnt been a coward, Ali and Hasaan wouldnt have left and Baba would have brought them to America. He realized that there was a way to end the cycle of betrayal and lies and that was to save Sohrab, his nephew. 18.When Amir and Baba move to the States their relationship changes, and Amir begins to view his father as a more complex man. Discuss the changes in their relations hip. Do you see the changes in Baba as tragic or positive? They grow closer out of necessity and having lost everything familiar, they cling to each other. When they moved, Baba shows more affection towards Amir. The changes in Baba were positive since he was able to re-connect with his son after a long time of coldness. Baba became the father who would do everything for his son. 19. Discuss the difference between Baba and Ali and between Amir and Hassan.Are Babas and Amirs betrayals and similarities in their relationships of their servants (if you consider Babas act a betrayal) similar or different? Do you think that such betrayals are inevitable in the arrive at/servant relationship, or do you feel that they are due to flaws in Babas and Amirs characters, or are they the effect of circumstances and characters? Baba commit his life in doing works for the poor. He even devoted three years in building and funding an orphanage. He is also very sign and cold to his son, Amir. Ali i n the other hand is crippled but affectionate.Ali is very close to Hassan and he taught him to be righteous and loyal. They are both determined to shelter Baba and Amir. Babas and Amirs betrayals and similarities in their relationship of their servants were similar. Ali is like a brother to Baba because when his parents died, Babas father took him as his own child. They grew up together and Ali has been with their family for forty years. Hassan also grew up with Amir. They fed from the same breasts and Hassans first word was Amir. Hassan is loyal and suffered just like Ali. They both kept secrets about Amir and Baba.Remaining silent about injustice is a way for them to show their loyalty. It is not inevitable in a master/servant relationship because I feel that they are due to Baba and Amirs characters. Soraya had a servant who was illiterate but she taught her how to read, Amir chose differently, he lords his privileges and his education over Hassan. It is also the outcome of circ umstances and characters because it is for the longing of Babas affection that Amir acts in fear. It is because of what society thinks and his status thats why Baba kept his secret and did not tell Amir and Hassan the truth.20. Who is Khaled Hosseini and how has his work in literature and in the world society of nations been critically received? Khaled Hosseini is the author of The Kite Runner. He was born on March 4, 1965 in Kabul. We can see that he has similarities with the protagonist of the story who is Amir. His father was a diplomat and his mother was a teacher of Farsi and history. They moved to the United States instead of move to Afghanistan because chaos was everywhere. His family was some of the lucky ones to rubber to another country and not experience the sufferings and the killings.Khaled Hosseini published The Kite Runner in 2003 to critical acclaim. Parts of the novel are based on his childhood in Kabul neighborhood of Wazir Akbar Khan. While some events in the st ory echo those in his life, the novel is fictional. He felt ashamed, like he should have suffered more. He felt estranged from the devastation in Afghanistan, but his separation from his homeland and his Western sensibility have in his fiction to bring Americas, and the worlds, attention to the faces of Afghanistan. Hosseinis devotion to Afghanistan can be seen not only in his writing but also in his activism..He has been a goodwill envoy to the United Nations Refugee Agency, UNHCR, since 2006, and his personal website contains links to many aid organizations that are helping Afghanistan. Interviewers describe Hosseini as a smart, handsome man with a calming air, and Time Magazine called him almost certainly the most famous Afghan in the world. Khaled Hosseini lives with his wife and two children in Northern California. 21. The kite flying tournament is an important event in a boys life in Afghanistan. Why is it significant and what does winning the kite flying tournament symboliz e? How does this symbolism resonate with the novels title?The kite flying tournament is significant because like in Amirs case, winning was the key to winning Babas heart. The tournament sets a circle of betrayal and redemption into motion. After Hassan gets raped while running his kite, Amir cannot separate kite fighting and running from his own betrayal and cowardice. In order to redeem himself of selfishness and cowardice, Amir must go from being merely a kite fighter (someone who seeks glory) to a kite runner (someone who genuinely does things for others). This symbolism resonates with the novels title in terms of Amir, being the fighter in the beginning to a runner in the end.22. Discuss how the geographic location of Afghanistan has made it the crossroads of civilizations and conquering armies from ancient times up to the present. How do the results of those conquests affect the tribes in Afghanistan up to now? Afghanistan is located in central Asia, is made up of thirty-four provinces. It is bordered by Pakistan, Iran, Jajikstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Afghanistan has always been by war. It used to be a kingdom ruled by a king then it b ecame a republic through a coup then it was invaded by Russia. Lastly, the Taliban took control over it. Pashtun supremacists massacred Shiites Hazaras.After the September11, 2001 event, the United States attacked Afghanistan and defeated the Taliban. Until now Afghanistan is experiencing civil war. People are suffering and a lot take refuge in other countries. 23. Religious Fundamentalism of the Taliban is imbricated with racial or ethnic and class problems. How are these problems dramatized in the novel? The Taliban wanted to eliminate the Shiite and massacred the Hazara population in Mazar-i-Sharif in 1998. The Taliban would find the simplest things to be against the rules in order to kill some Hazara or anyone in Afghanistan.